TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the study
Statement of problem
Research questions
Significance of study
Research objectives
Scope of study
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
The population and sample
Content validity
Reliability of instrument
Research instrument
Administration of questionnaire
Collection of data
Data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, conclusion and recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
Bribery
INTRODUCTION
Corruption and bribery are not victimless crimes. They hit the poorest people hardest and undermines economic development.
Corruption [is] among the greatest obstacles to economic and social development
The World Bank
No country is immune from corruption. [1] It flourishes where the criminal justice system and governance are weak, where decision-making is unaccountable and access to decision-makers is dependent on restricted social networks, where pay is low and where management controls are weak.
POOR PEOPLE ARE THE WORST AFFECTED BY CORRUPTION
The World Bank notes that the poor suffer the most from the petty corruption for the provision of public services: Empirical analysis has shown that the poor pay a higher share of their income on bribes than the rich
An IMF study shows that an increase of just 0.78 per cent in corruption reduces the income growth of the poorest 20 per cent of the people in a country by 7.8 per cent a year. The Final Communiqué from the 2006 G8 St. Petersburg Summit is clear: The net effect of corruption is felt most directly, and disproportionately, by the poor.
CORRUPTION COMPROMISES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AID
In poor countries, [corruption] can kill. Money meant for drugs for a sick child, or to build a hospital, can be siphoned off into overseas bank accounts or to build a luxury house.
Hilary Benn, Former UK Secretary of State for International Development
An estimated $100 billion of World Bank loans have been lost to corruption since the Bank’s foundation in December 1945; when other multilateral development banks are included, the figure rises to $200 billion. Such ‘leakage’ leads to aid ‘disappearing’ before it reaches the poor.
Corruption diverts expenditure away from health, education and the maintenance of infrastructure to high ‘kickback’ areas such as new construction and defence
The World Bank points out that while this corruption hurts society in general, it hurts the poor most since they are more vulnerable and dependent on the quality of governance and state support.
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