The efficiency of social safety nets towards bridging inequality in Nigeria

The efficiency of social safety nets towards bridging inequality in Nigeria (a case study of ijumu l. G. A of kogi state) 1992 to 2020

Abstract  

This study was on the efficiency of social safety nets towards bridging inequality in Nigeria (a case study of ijumu l. G. A of kogi state) 1992 to 2020 The total population for the study is 200 residents of ijumu l. G. A of kogi state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made students, youths, married women and civil sevantsr were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies.

Chapter one

Introduction

1.1Background of the study

Evidence now shows that social safety nets are making a substantial contribution in the fight against inequality. Safety nets help people escape extreme inequality, close the inequality gap.  Safety nets build household resilience to respond to shocks across the life cycle, key to building human capital

Inequality is  a  phenomenon  that many  people  have  strong  views. It is  probably a  key  factor  in producing  or  exacerbating  a  wide  range  of  social  ills  such  as  educational  disadvantage,  health inequalities,  intergenerational  immobility,  and  crime,  and  may  undermine  social  cohesion. It relates with economic performance but in a much more complex fashion than a simple trade-off between growth and  inequality.  (Nolan,  2009).Persistent inequality  constraints  a  society’s productivity and ultimately slows its rate of  economic growth and the economy pays for this in reduced  productivity  today  and  diminished  national  output  tomorrow.  (Awoyemi,  2004). Since the early 1980s, rising inequality in earnings and household income has been a focal policy issue (Scholtz,  2010, Bluestone  and  Harrison,  1982;  Dooley  and  Gottschalk,  1982,  1984;  Henle  and Ryscavage,  1980). In  Nigeria,  the inequality  level is  said  to  have  worsened  and  many  studies using  household survey  income  and  consumption concept document this  fact. For  example Aigbohkan  (2000) showed  increasing  levels  of inequality,  poverty  and  polarization  using nationwide surveys for 1985/86, 1992/93 and 1996/97 A much earlier study by Canagarajah, et al.,  (1997) discussed  rising  inequality  situation  for  Nigeria  and reported  increased  inequality spanning 1980s and 1990s. Despite this recognition in both academic and policy circles, “gender issues are often excluded from the design and planning of empirical research and data collection both  at  the  micro  and  macro  levels. There  is also an unbalanced  analysis  of  women’s  roles, responsibilities,  constraints  and  opportunities  in  different activities  in  relation  to  those  of men.(Ajani, 2008)

The need for social safety nets (SSN) is a critical concern for governments across the globe. Which SSN/social assistance (SA) programs to choose, how to best structure and deliver them, and how to make them fiscally sustainable over the long term are important questions because the answers to them affect the well-being of millions of poor and vulnerable people around the world. As the interest in and the use of SSN/SA programs continue to grow, countries are also exploring how to better integrate SSN/SA programs into their overall social protection and jobs agenda

Statement of the problem

Safety nets help people escape extreme inequality, close the inequality gap.  Safety nets build household resilience to respond to shocks across the life cycle, key to building human capital. Based on the background the study wants to investigate the efficiency of social nets towards bridging inequality in Nigeria

Objective of the study

The objectives of the study are;

1. To ascertain the effect of inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state
2. To ascertain the efficiency of social safety nets toward bridging inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state
3. To ascertain whether social safety net help reduce inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state

Research hypotheses

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;

H₀: social safety net does not help reduce inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state

H₁: social safety net help reduce inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state

H₀²: there is no effect of inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state

H₂: there is effect of inequality in ijumu l. G. A of kogi state

Significance of the study

The study will be very significant to students and the general public. The study will give a clear insight on the efficiency of social safety nets towards bridging inequality in Nigeria. The will also serve as reference to the researchers that will embark on the related topic

Scope and limitation of the study

The scope of the study covers the efficiency of social safety nets towards bridging inequality in Nigeria (a case study of ijumu l. G. A of kogi state) 1992 to 2020. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Social safety net: The social safety net consists of non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution.

Inequality—the state of not being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities is a concept very much at the heart of social justice theories. However, it is prone to confusion in public debate as it tends to mean different things to different people. Some distinctions are common though

 1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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