Abstract
This quantitative survey research study adopted a structured questionnaire to investigate the adaptability of primary healthcare workers in Delta State, Nigeria, to emerging trends in the healthcare industry. A sample of 120 respondents from diverse backgrounds within the healthcare sector participated in the study. The research utilized SPSS27 for data presentation and analysis, employing the t-test to test the hypotheses formulated. The findings of this study revealed several significant insights. Firstly, it was found that primary healthcare workers in Delta State exhibited a moderate level of adaptability to emerging healthcare trends. The majority of respondents agreed that these workers possess the capacity to adapt to new trends, indicating a positive outlook for the state’s healthcare system. Secondly, the study identified several factors that significantly influence the adaptability of primary healthcare workers. These factors included access to resources, organizational support, and continuous education.
The research underscored the importance of addressing these determinants to enhance healthcare adaptability effectively. Thirdly, the study confirmed that there are indeed adequate training and development programs in place to support primary healthcare workers’ adaptability to emerging trends. This finding suggests that existing training initiatives are positively contributing to the adaptability levels of healthcare workers in Delta State. Regarding the impact of adaptability on sustainable health development goals, the study found that primary healthcare workers’ adaptability positively influences the achievement of these goals. Respondents agreed that improved adaptability leads to more effective healthcare delivery, ultimately benefiting health outcomes and the overall healthcare system’s efficiency and effectiveness. In conclusion, this quantitative survey research study provided valuable insights into the adaptability of primary healthcare workers in Delta State, Nigeria, to emerging healthcare trends. The findings suggest that while adaptability levels are promising, there is room for improvement by addressing key influencing factors. The study emphasizes the importance of ongoing training and resource allocation to enhance adaptability and highlights the positive impact of adaptability on sustainable health development goals. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policymakers and healthcare organizations in Delta State prioritize investment in training programs, resource allocation, and policies that foster a culture of adaptability among primary healthcare workers. These recommendations aim to strengthen the healthcare system’s readiness to embrace emerging trends and contribute to sustainable health development.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Â Â Â Â Â Background to the Study
The field of healthcare has undergone significant transformations in recent years, driven by various factors such as technological advancements, changing demographics, and evolving healthcare needs (World Health Organization, 2019). In Delta State, Nigeria, like in many other regions worldwide, the primary healthcare (PHC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring access to basic healthcare services and achieving sustainable health development (Hone et al., 2018). Primary healthcare workers are at the forefront of this system, providing essential services to the population (World Health Organization, 2019).
However, the effectiveness of PHC workers in Delta State, as well as in other parts of the world, depends on their ability to adapt to emerging trends in the healthcare industry (Sorenson et al., 2021). These trends encompass a wide range of areas, including medical technology, patient-centred care, health policy reforms, and community engagement (Stenberg et al., 2017; Vamos et al., 2020). The adaptability of PHC workers to these emerging trends is vital for ensuring that the healthcare system remains responsive, efficient, and capable of addressing the evolving healthcare needs of the population (Sorenson et al., 2021).
This study seeks to explore the role of emerging trends adaptability in the professional training and practice of primary healthcare workers in Delta State and its impact on the achievement of sustainable health development goals (Hone et al., 2018; Sorenson et al., 2021). To effectively address this topic, it is essential to consider the context in which PHC workers operate, the challenges they face, and the opportunities that arise as healthcare trends evolve (Hone et al., 2018; Vamos et al., 2020).
Delta State, like many regions in Nigeria, faces various healthcare challenges, including limited access to healthcare services in rural areas (Willcox et al., 2021). PHC workers in Delta State often serve as the first point of contact for individuals seeking healthcare, making their role critical in improving health outcomes (Ramadhan & Santoso, 2019). However, to meet the diverse healthcare needs of the population, PHC workers must continuously update their skills and knowledge to align with emerging healthcare trends (Sorenson et al., 2021).
One of the significant healthcare trends impacting the practice of PHC workers is the rapid advancement of medical technology (Sorenson et al., 2021). The introduction of telemedicine, electronic health records, and diagnostic tools has the potential to enhance the quality of care provided by PHC workers (Vamos et al., 2020). However, adapting to these technologies requires training and a willingness to embrace digital healthcare solutions (Stenberg et al., 2017). Without adequate training and support, PHC workers may struggle to integrate technology into their practice, potentially limiting the benefits of these innovations (Sorenson et al., 2021).
In addition to technological advancements, the shift toward patient-centred care is another critical trend in healthcare (Hone et al., 2018). Patients are increasingly taking an active role in their healthcare decisions, and PHC workers must be prepared to engage patients in shared decision-making processes (Hone et al., 2018; Vamos et al., 2020). This necessitates training PHC workers in communication skills, empathy, and cultural competence to ensure that patients’ diverse needs and preferences are considered (Stenberg et al., 2017).
Furthermore, health policy reforms are reshaping the healthcare landscape, both globally and in Nigeria (Hone et al., 2018; Sorenson et al., 2021). PHC workers need to stay informed about policy changes that may affect their practice and the services they provide (Hone et al., 2018). This requires ongoing professional development and a proactive approach to understanding and implementing policy changes (Sorenson et al., 2021).
Community engagement is another essential aspect of modern healthcare (Hone et al., 2018). PHC workers must work closely with communities to address health disparities, promote health education, and develop targeted interventions (Sorenson et al., 2021). Being adaptable in this context means building strong partnerships with community leaders, advocating for resources, and tailoring healthcare services to the specific needs of each community (Hone et al., 2018; Vamos et al., 2020).
The ability of PHC workers in Delta State to adapt to these emerging healthcare trends has a direct impact on the achievement of sustainable health development goals (Hone et al., 2018; Sorenson et al., 2021). When PHC workers are well-prepared to embrace new technologies, engage patients effectively, navigate policy changes, and collaborate with communities, the healthcare system becomes more resilient and responsive to evolving healthcare needs (Hone et al., 2018; Stenberg et al., 2017).
1.2 Â Â Â Â Â Statement of Problem
The primary healthcare (PHC) system in Delta State, Nigeria, faces several critical challenges that constitute the core of the problem addressed in this study. Firstly, despite the essential role of PHC workers in ensuring access to basic healthcare services (World Health Organization, 2019), there is a shortage of trained and skilled healthcare professionals in Delta State (Moosa et al., 2020). This shortage hinders the effective delivery of healthcare services, particularly in rural and underserved areas (Wakerman et al., 2019).
Secondly, the evolving healthcare landscape demands that PHC workers continually update their knowledge and skills to adapt to emerging trends (Sorenson et al., 2021). However, there is limited access to continuous professional development opportunities for PHC workers in Delta State (Ramadhan & Santoso, 2019). This lack of training and skill enhancement programs may result in PHC workers struggling to keep up with technological advancements and changing patient-centred care models (Vamos et al., 2020).
Thirdly, healthcare policy reforms at the national and state levels may introduce changes that PHC workers are ill-prepared to implement (Hone et al., 2018). Policy changes can significantly impact the organization and delivery of healthcare services, and PHC workers may face challenges in adapting to these shifts (Sorenson et al., 2021).
Lastly, community engagement, a crucial component of modern healthcare, requires PHC workers to build strong partnerships with local communities (Hone et al., 2018). However, there may be limited community involvement in healthcare decision-making processes in Delta State (Kohler & Martinez, 2021). This lack of engagement can hinder efforts to address health disparities and tailor healthcare services to the specific needs of diverse communities (Hone et al., 2018).
1.3 Â Â Â Â Â Objectives of the Study
This study aims to achieve the following specific objectives:
- To assess the level of adaptability of primary healthcare workers in Delta State to emerging trends in the healthcare industry.
- To examine the factors influencing the adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends in healthcare in Delta State.
- To determine the impact of primary healthcare workers’ adaptability to emerging trends on the achievement of sustainable health development goals in Delta State.
1.4 Â Â Â Â Â Research Questions
To address the stated objectives, the following research questions will guide this study:
- What is the current level of adaptability of primary healthcare workers in Delta State to emerging trends in the healthcare industry?
- What are the factors that influence the adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends in healthcare in Delta State?
- How does the adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends impact the achievement of sustainable health development goals in Delta State?
1.5 Â Â Â Â Â Research Hypotheses
Based on the research questions, the following hypotheses were tested in this study:
Null Hypotheses(H0):
- There is a significant relationship between the level of adaptability of primary healthcare workers in Delta State to emerging trends in healthcare and their professional training.
- Factors such as access to resources, organizational support, and continuous education significantly influence the adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends in healthcare in Delta State.
- The adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends in healthcare has a positive impact on the achievement of sustainable health development goals in Delta State.
1.6 Â Â Â Â Â Significance of the Study
The significance of this study extends to various stakeholders within the healthcare sector, not only in Delta State, Nigeria but also to broader contexts. The findings of this research carry implications that can contribute significantly to the improvement of healthcare in the region and beyond.
Firstly, this study holds importance in the realm of healthcare training. By identifying areas where primary healthcare worker training may need enhancements to better prepare them for emerging trends in healthcare, this research can guide the development of more effective training programs. These programs can equip PHC workers with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate evolving healthcare landscapes successfully.
Secondly, the study’s outcomes can inform policy development. Policymakers can utilize the research findings to design policies that support the continuous education and professional development of PHC workers. This, in turn, can foster a healthcare system that is more adaptable to changes, ultimately benefitting both healthcare providers and the population they serve.
Furthermore, healthcare organizations can derive valuable insights from this research to optimize resource allocation. Understanding the factors that influence adaptability allows organizations to allocate resources more effectively, ensuring that their staff is well-prepared to embrace and integrate emerging healthcare trends. This efficient allocation of resources can contribute to a more responsive and sustainable healthcare system.
Ultimately, the study’s findings have the potential to enhance the quality of healthcare services provided in Delta State. As PHC workers become better equipped to address evolving healthcare needs, the overall health outcomes of the population can improve significantly. This, in turn, contributes to the broader goal of sustainable health development, benefiting the well-being of individuals and communities in Delta State and serving as a model for healthcare improvement in similar contexts worldwide.
1.7 Â Â Â Â Â Scope of the Study
This study focuses on primary healthcare workers in Delta State, Nigeria. It assesses their adaptability to emerging trends in the healthcare industry, factors influencing this adaptability, and the impact on the achievement of sustainable health development goals. While the study acknowledges that emerging trends in healthcare are a global phenomenon, it specifically explores the context of Delta State to provide region-specific insights.
1.8 Â Â Â Â Â Operational Definition of Terms
To ensure clarity and consistency in the study, the following key terms are defined operationally:
Primary Healthcare Workers: In this study, primary healthcare workers refer to healthcare professionals working at the primary healthcare level in Delta State, including but not limited to doctors, nurses, midwives, community health workers, and pharmacists.
Emerging Trends in Healthcare: Emerging trends in healthcare encompass new developments, innovations, and changes in healthcare practices, policies, and technologies that have the potential to impact healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
Adaptability: Adaptability refers to the capacity of primary healthcare workers to adjust, learn, and incorporate new practices, technologies, and policies into their professional roles to meet evolving healthcare demands.
Sustainable Health Development Goals: Sustainable health development goals are objectives aimed at improving health outcomes and healthcare systems in a manner that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable.
Delta State: This term refers to Delta State, Nigeria, which is the geographical focus of this study.
Professional Training: Professional training encompasses the formal and informal education, skill development, and knowledge acquisition that primary healthcare workers undergo during their careers to enhance their capabilities.
Factors: Factors in this study include variables, conditions, or circumstances that may influence the adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends in healthcare.
Impact: Impact refers to the consequences or effects of the adaptability of primary healthcare workers to emerging trends on the achievement of sustainable health development goals in Delta State.
