Availability and Utilization of ICT by Patrons in Mono-technic Libraries in Borno State
Abstract
This study focused on the “Availability and Utilization of ICT by Patrons in Mono-technic Libraries in Borno State.” Adopting a quantitative survey research design, a structured questionnaire was meticulously designed to gather data from a targeted sample of 120 respondents. The study aimed to assess the current state of ICT availability, patrons’ utilization patterns, and the factors influencing these dynamics in Mono-technic libraries. The survey data collected were meticulously presented and analyzed using SPSS27. To test the hypotheses formulated, a one-sample t-test was employed, assuming a mean of 0 and utilizing a critical table value of 2.92 at a 5% level of significance. The hypotheses focused on establishing the relationship between ICT availability and utilization, the impact of patrons’ awareness on ICT utilization, and the significance of infrastructure development in influencing patrons’ utilization of ICT resources. The findings from the t-test revealed several significant relationships. Firstly, a substantial association was identified between the availability of ICT resources and their utilization by patrons in mono-technic libraries. Secondly, patrons’ awareness of available ICT resources was found to exert a significant influence on their utilization. Thirdly, contrary to the hypothesis, the level of infrastructure development in mono-technical libraries was found to significantly affect patrons’ utilization of ICT resources. In conclusion, the study shed light on the intricate dynamics of ICT availability and utilization in Mono-technic libraries in Borno State. The findings emphasized the pivotal role of patrons’ awareness and infrastructure development in shaping the effective use of ICT resources. The results underscored the importance of strategic planning and investment in infrastructure development to enhance the overall ICT experience for patrons. Based on the findings, several recommendations were proposed, including the need for targeted awareness programs, infrastructure upgrades, and continuous training for patrons. These recommendations aimed to optimize ICT utilization in Mono-technic libraries and contribute to the enhancement of educational services. Overall, the study not only contributes valuable insights to the scholarly discourse on ICT in educational libraries but also offers actionable recommendations for policymakers, administrators, and library personnel.
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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the accessibility, processing, and dissemination of information across various sectors (Jawa, Asif, & Hassan, 2022). In the educational realm, libraries play a crucial role as repositories of knowledge, making information accessible to students and researchers. Mono-technic libraries in Borno State, Nigeria, are essential in supporting academic pursuits. The availability and utilization of ICT within these libraries have become critical factors in enhancing the quality of education and research.
As the world transitions into the digital age, the integration of ICT into library services has become imperative. Libraries are no longer confined to traditional brick-and-mortar structures but have evolved into dynamic hubs of digital information. Understanding the current state of ICT availability and utilization in mono-technic libraries in Borno State is vital for assessing the effectiveness of these institutions in meeting the information needs of their patrons.
Recent research conducted at Allied Bank Ltd in Pakistan suggests a potential correlation between the adoption of technology and enhanced workplace outcomes, a principle that could extend to the educational setting, particularly in the context of library services (Jawa, Asif, & Hassan, 2022). Similarly, studies on the optimization of e-learning in Nigerian universities emphasize the role of technology, possibly including ICT, in fostering sustainable educational practices (Leonard & Collins, 2022).
In exploring the challenges faced by academic staff in integrating ICT into teaching and learning, research in the agricultural education sector identifies barriers that are likely to resonate with the challenges faced by mono-technic libraries (Modebelu & Azu, 2020). Understanding the difficulties encountered in utilizing ICT in education is crucial for comprehending the dynamics involved in the adoption of ICT in educational institutions.
Studies evaluating the impact of ICT on HR service delivery in the banking sector underline the transformative power of ICT, aligning with the overarching theme of technological integration (Nchimunya & Kaoma, 2020). This perspective provides insights into how technology has redefined service delivery, potentially influencing a similar transformation in service provision within educational institutions, including Mono-technic libraries.
The assessment of ICT resource utilization among business educators in South Nigeria sheds light on the practical aspects of integrating ICT into teaching, which can be extrapolated to the educational resources and services provided by mono-technic libraries (Okolocha & Nwadiani, 2021). Understanding the challenges and successes of educators in utilizing ICT resources is valuable for enhancing library services and resource accessibility.
Exploring the challenges toward the implementation of ICT in secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria, offers perspectives on the barriers to ICT adoption in educational settings (Olufemi, Olukayode, & Oladele, 2021). While the focus is on secondary schools, the identified challenges, such as infrastructure and training issues, may parallel challenges faced by mono-technic libraries. Addressing these common hurdles could be pivotal in enhancing the integration of ICT in educational institutions.
Research on the determinants of ICT utilization in teaching in rural secondary schools in southeastern Nigeria highlights factors such as availability, gender, and teaching experience influencing ICT adoption (Onwuagboke, Singh, & Onwuagboke, 2020). Understanding these determinants is crucial in assessing the readiness of educational institutions, including Mono-technic libraries, to embrace ICT fully.
On the faculty level, investigations into faculty attitudes and use of ICT in instructional delivery provide insights into the mindset and readiness of educators to incorporate ICT into their teaching methodologies (Onwuagboke & Singh, 2020). This information is relevant for mono-technic libraries seeking to align their resources with the needs and expectations of faculty members.
The theoretical foundation provided by Rogers (2021) through the Diffusion of Innovations model offers insights into the process of technology adoption. Understanding the factors influencing the diffusion of ICT in educational settings is essential for mono-technic libraries aiming to navigate the complexities of technological integration.
As the digital age unfolds, the role of e-learning becomes increasingly significant. The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2021) emphasizes the challenge of partnership in e-learning. While not specific to mono-technic libraries, this perspective can inform discussions on collaboration and partnerships to enhance the digital infrastructure and resources available in these libraries.
In exploring principals’ attitudes toward ICT integration in primary schools in Cyprus, Papaioannou and Charalambous (2021) shed light on the role of leadership in fostering technological integration. While their focus is on primary schools, the findings can be extrapolated to educational leadership in mono-technic libraries. The role of library administrators and policymakers is crucial in ensuring the effective integration and utilization of ICT resources.
Studies on the redefinition of Nigeria’s educational sector through e-learning underscore the transformative potential of ICT in diverse sectors (Sam, 2021). Mono-technic libraries can benefit from understanding the broader shifts in the educational landscape and adapting their services accordingly.
Research studying computer literacy among trainee teachers at a Nigerian University of Education provides insights into the preparedness of future educators to leverage ICT in their teaching practices (Tonubari, Josephine, & Chioma, 2022). The findings may have implications for the role of mono-technic libraries in providing resources and support for the development of digital literacy skills among students and educators.
Statement of Problem
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in educational institutions, particularly mono-technic libraries in Borno State, Nigeria, has become increasingly crucial in the digital age. While existing studies (Jawa, Asif, & Hassan, 2022; Leonard & Collins, 2022) emphasize the transformative potential of ICT, there remains a notable gap in understanding the specific challenges and opportunities that mono-technical libraries encounter in adopting and utilizing ICT to enhance their services.
One significant gap in the current literature is the lack of a detailed exploration of the unique barriers faced by Mono-technic libraries in Borno State when integrating ICT into their operations. While studies in related fields, such as banking (Nchimunya & Kaoma, 2020) and business education (Okolocha & Nwadiani, 2021), offer valuable insights into broader challenges, they may not capture the nuanced issues specific to educational libraries. Therefore, a focused examination of the obstacles encountered by Mono-technic libraries in adopting ICT is necessary to inform targeted interventions.
Furthermore, while some studies touch upon the broader implications of ICT adoption in educational institutions, such as the optimization of e-learning (Leonard & Collins, 2022) and faculty attitudes toward ICT (Onwuagboke & Singh, 2020), there is a dearth of research specifically addressing the role of Mono-technic libraries as knowledge repositories. Understanding how ICT integration influences the core functions of these libraries, such as information access and research support, is essential to ensure that these institutions effectively serve their patrons’ evolving needs.
The existing literature also lacks a comprehensive examination of the impact of ICT adoption on the user experience within Mono-technic libraries. Studies on e-learning (Sam, 2021) and computer literacy among educators (Tonubari, Josephine, & Chioma, 2022) touch on the broader educational landscape but do not delve into the intricacies of how students and researchers interact with ICT resources within library settings. Investigating user perspectives can uncover valuable insights into the effectiveness of ICT services and identify areas for improvement.
Additionally, there is a gap in understanding the readiness of library personnel, including librarians and administrators, to embrace and effectively utilize ICT in their daily operations. While studies on faculty attitudes (Onwuagboke & Singh, 2020) and challenges faced by academic staff (Modebelu & Azu, 2020) provide some insights, a dedicated examination of the perspectives and capabilities of library staff is crucial for developing targeted training programs and support mechanisms.
The current literature also lacks a comparative analysis of ICT integration in Mono-technic libraries across different regions within Borno State. Variations in infrastructure, resources, and support mechanisms may contribute to disparities in ICT adoption and utilization. A comprehensive study that considers the diverse contexts of Mono-technic libraries in urban and rural settings can provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges and successes in different environments.
In all, the gaps in the existing literature highlight the need for a focused investigation into the specific challenges faced by Mono-technic libraries in Borno State in adopting and effectively utilizing ICT. Addressing these gaps will not only contribute to the scholarly discourse on ICT in educational libraries but will also provide actionable insights for policymakers, administrators, and library personnel to enhance the role of Mono-technic libraries in supporting academic pursuits.
Objectives of the Study
The study aimed to achieve the following objectives:
- Examine the availability of ICT resources in Mono-technic libraries in Borno State.
- Assess the extent to which patrons utilize ICT facilities in these libraries.
- Identify the factors that influence the utilization of ICT by patrons in Mono-technic libraries.
Research Questions
To guide the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- What is the current status of ICT availability in Mono-technic libraries in Borno State?
- To what extent do patrons make use of ICT facilities in these libraries?
- What are the factors influencing the utilization of ICT by patrons in Mono-technic libraries?
 Research Hypotheses
The study was guided by the following hypotheses:
Null Hypotheses(H0):
- There is no significant relationship between the availability of ICT resources and their utilization by patrons in Mono-technic libraries.
- Patrons’ awareness of available ICT resources significantly influenced their utilization of Mono-technic libraries.
- The level of infrastructure development in mono-technic libraries does not significantly affect patrons’ utilization of ICT resources.
Alternative Hypotheses(H1):
- There is a significant relationship between the availability of ICT resources and their utilization by patrons in Mono-technic libraries.
- Patrons’ awareness of available ICT resources influences their utilization in Mono-technic libraries.
- The level of infrastructure development in Mono-technic libraries significantly affects patrons’ utilization of ICT resources.
Significance of the Study
The examination of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) availability and utilization in mono-technic libraries holds significant implications for various stakeholders, providing a nuanced understanding of the current state of these educational institutions in Borno State. This comprehensive exploration not only guides strategic planning for library administrators and policymakers but also contributes valuable insights to the broader academic discourse, benefiting researchers and scholars interested in the intersection of information technology and libraries. Furthermore, the study offers practical implications for library patrons, empowering them to make informed decisions about utilizing available ICT resources for academic and research purposes.
For library administrators and policymakers in Borno State, the findings of this study serve as a crucial source of information regarding the current status of ICT infrastructure in Mono-technic libraries. This knowledge is instrumental in guiding strategic planning and resource allocation to enhance library services. By understanding the dynamics of ICT availability, administrators can identify areas that require improvement, allocate resources efficiently, and prioritize initiatives that align with the evolving needs of library patrons. This strategic approach ensures that libraries in Borno State are not only equipped with the necessary technological tools but are also positioned to adapt to future advancements in ICT.
Moreover, the study contributes significantly to the broader academic discourse on the role of ICT in educational institutions. Researchers and scholars focusing on the intersection of information technology and libraries stand to benefit from the insights provided by this study. The detailed examination of ICT availability and utilization in Mono-technic libraries adds a valuable layer to the existing body of knowledge, allowing for a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities presented by ICT integration in educational libraries. This, in turn, informs future research endeavours and academic discussions, contributing to the ongoing dialogue on the evolving nature of libraries in the digital age.
Furthermore, the practical implications of this study extend to library patrons, the end-users of ICT resources within Mono-technic libraries. By shedding light on the current landscape of ICT resources, the study empowers patrons to make informed decisions about leveraging available technological tools for their academic and research endeavours. Patrons can optimize their use of ICT resources, enhancing their overall experience within the library. Additionally, this knowledge encourages a more efficient and effective utilization of available resources, aligning with the evolving needs and expectations of library patrons. As technology continues to play a central role in academic pursuits, informed decision-making by patrons becomes increasingly critical, and this study provides the necessary insights to facilitate such informed choices.
In conclusion, the detailed examination of ICT availability and utilization in Mono-technic libraries in Borno State not only informs local administrators and policymakers but also contributes meaningfully to the broader academic discourse. The practical implications for library patrons underscore the importance of understanding and optimizing the use of ICT resources for academic and research purposes. As stakeholders in the educational landscape continue to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by technological advancements, this study provides a comprehensive foundation for informed decision-making and strategic planning
 Scope of the Study
This study focused on Mono-technic libraries in Borno State, Nigeria. The research explored the availability and utilization of ICT resources within these libraries and did not extend to other types of libraries or regions outside Borno State.
Operational Definition of Terms
ICT Resources: Refers to hardware, software, and network infrastructure available in the library, including computers, internet access, databases, and other electronic resources.
Utilization: The extent to which patrons make use of ICT resources for their academic and research needs.
Patrons: Users of the Mono-technic libraries, including students, faculty, and researchers.
Infrastructure Development: The level of advancement in physical and technological resources within the library, influences the quality of services provided.
Awareness: Patrons’ knowledge and understanding of the available ICT resources in the library.
Library Administrators: Individuals responsible for the management and decision-making processes within the Mono-technic libraries.
Policymakers: Individuals or entities involved in formulating policies related to educational institutions and library services.
Strategic Planning: The process of setting goals and determining the best ways to achieve them, with a focus on improving library services and resources.
References
- Fatima, U. Z. & Abdusalam Y. G. (2022). The effect of telecommunication on the productivity of staff in higher institutions in Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(1), 142-145.
- Goddard, W., & Melville, S. (2020). Research Methodology: An Introduction. (2nd edition). Blackwell Publishing.
- Gray, D. E. (2018). Doing Research in the Real World. London: Sage.
- Hossein,V., Fatollah, T., & Tohid, A. H. H., (2022). Investigation of the Relationship between Customer Relationship Management Dimensions and Organizational Productivity. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(23), 2701-2708.
- Ilo, J. V.C., Ani W. U., & Chioke, N. S., (2022). Impact of Technological Innovation on Delivery of Banking Services in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(12).
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