Effects of 4 Weeks of Aerobic Dance Exercise on the Cardiovascular Variables of Registered Gym Users of Delta State College of Education
Abstract
The study examined the effects of a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program on cardiovascular health parameters among registered gym users at Delta State College of Education. Employing a quantitative survey research design, data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 120 respondents. The questionnaire was designed to capture participants’ perceptions of changes in resting heart rate, blood pressure levels (systolic and diastolic), and aerobic capacity (VO2 max) following the aerobic dance intervention. SPSS27 was utilized for data presentation and analysis, with one-sample t-tests employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed significant improvements in cardiovascular health parameters among participants after engaging in the aerobic dance exercise program. Specifically, there were notable reductions in resting heart rate and blood pressure levels post-intervention. Additionally, participants exhibited enhancements in aerobic capacity, as evidenced by increases in VO2 max measurements. These findings underscore the efficacy of structured aerobic dance sessions in promoting cardiovascular health and fitness among registered gym users. In conclusion, the study highlights the positive impact of a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program on cardiovascular parameters among registered gym users. The documented improvements in resting heart rate, blood pressure levels, and aerobic capacity signify the effectiveness of aerobic dance as a viable exercise modality for enhancing cardiovascular health. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the importance of regular physical activity in maintaining overall well-being, particularly concerning cardiovascular diseases. Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to further promote cardiovascular health among individuals. Firstly, health authorities and fitness centres should encourage the incorporation of aerobic dance sessions into exercise programs to diversify physical activity options and enhance engagement. Additionally, targeted health education campaigns should be developed to raise awareness about the benefits of aerobic exercise and encourage participation among sedentary individuals. Furthermore, future research endeavors should explore the long-term effects of aerobic dance interventions on cardiovascular health outcomes to establish sustainable exercise regimens. Moreover, personalized exercise prescriptions tailored to individual fitness levels and health statuses could optimize the effectiveness of aerobic dance programs in achieving cardiovascular benefits. Lastly, continuous monitoring and evaluation of exercise interventions are essential to assess adherence and outcomes, facilitating evidence-based recommendations for cardiovascular health promotion strategies.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Physical activity and exercise have long been recognized as essential components of a healthy lifestyle (Mavrić et al., 2020). Regular exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, has been shown to have numerous benefits for cardiovascular health, including improving heart function, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and enhancing overall well-being (Kelley & Kelley, 2021). Aerobic dance, a form of exercise combining dance movements with aerobic conditioning, has gained popularity as a fun and effective way to improve cardiovascular fitness (Schiffer et al., 2020).
Aerobic dance involves continuous rhythmic movements performed to music, which elevate heart rate and increase oxygen consumption (Lemura et al., 2020). This type of exercise targets large muscle groups and challenges the cardiovascular system, leading to improvements in aerobic capacity and endurance (Sofianidis et al., 2019). Studies have shown that participating in aerobic dance sessions regularly can lead to significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness parameters such as VO2 max and heart rate recovery (Kin et al., 2021).
Furthermore, aerobic dance has been found to have positive effects on lipid profiles, with improvements in total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels observed in individuals participating in regular aerobic dance sessions (Maria et al., 2019). These improvements in lipid profiles are crucial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (Hazari et al., 2020). Additionally, aerobic dance may contribute to weight management and body composition improvements, further reducing cardiovascular risk factors (Seok-Am & Seung-Suk, 2022).
One of the unique aspects of aerobic dance is its ability to provide both physical and mental health benefits. Engaging in aerobic dance sessions can enhance mood, reduce stress and anxiety levels, and improve overall psychological well-being (Spiropoulos & Trakada, 2023). The combination of music, rhythmic movements, and social interaction during aerobic dance classes creates a positive and enjoyable exercise environment, which can motivate individuals to adhere to their exercise routines (Nikic & Milenkovic, 2019).
Moreover, aerobic dance is suitable for individuals of all ages and fitness levels, making it an inclusive form of exercise that promotes social interaction and community engagement (Parthiban et al., 2021). Group aerobic dance classes provide opportunities for individuals to connect with others who share similar health and fitness goals, fostering a sense of belonging and support (Ossanloo et al., 2022). This social aspect of aerobic dance can enhance motivation and adherence to exercise programs, ultimately leading to long-term improvements in cardiovascular health.
Consequently, aerobic dance is a fun and effective form of exercise that offers numerous benefits for cardiovascular health. By incorporating aerobic dance into regular exercise routines, individuals can improve their aerobic capacity, lipid profiles, and overall well-being. Furthermore, the social and psychological benefits of aerobic dance make it a highly enjoyable and sustainable exercise option for people of all ages and fitness levels. Therefore, promoting the practice of aerobic dance as part of a healthy lifestyle could have significant public health implications in reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases and improving overall quality of life.
Statement of Problem
Despite the known benefits of aerobic dance on cardiovascular health, there are several gaps in the existing research that warrant further investigation. One significant gap is the limited understanding of the specific effects of aerobic dance exercise on cardiovascular variables among registered gym users, particularly in specific demographics such as those attending Delta State College of Education (Akdur et al., 2021).
Furthermore, while previous studies have examined the effects of aerobic dance on cardiovascular fitness parameters, there is a lack of research focusing specifically on registered gym users (Arnarson et al., 2022). It is essential to understand how individuals who regularly engage in gym activities may respond to aerobic dance interventions and whether there are any unique considerations or benefits for this population.
Another gap in the literature is the lack of longitudinal studies investigating the sustained effects of aerobic dance exercise on cardiovascular variables (Choudhary & Narwal, 2022). While many studies have examined the acute effects of aerobic dance sessions, longitudinal research is needed to assess the long-term impact of regular aerobic dance participation on cardiovascular health outcomes.
Moreover, there is limited research examining the potential moderating effects of demographic and lifestyle factors on the relationship between aerobic dance exercise and cardiovascular variables (Çakmakci et al., 2019). Understanding how factors such as age, gender, fitness level, and exercise adherence may influence the effectiveness of aerobic dance interventions can help tailor exercise programs to optimize cardiovascular benefits for different populations.
Additionally, while some studies have investigated the effects of aerobic dance on lipid profiles and other cardiovascular risk factors, there is a need for more comprehensive assessments that include a wider range of cardiovascular variables (Davis et al., 2022). Research examining parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, and arterial stiffness can provide a more holistic understanding of the cardiovascular effects of aerobic dance exercise.
Addressing these gaps in the literature will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of aerobic dance exercise on cardiovascular variables among registered gym users, providing valuable insights for designing effective exercise interventions and promoting cardiovascular health in this population.
Objectives of the Study
The following specific objectives were investigated:
- To investigate the effect of a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program on the resting heart rate of registered gym users at Delta State College of Education.
- To assess the impact of the aerobic dance exercise program on the blood pressure levels (systolic and diastolic) of registered gym users.
- To examine changes in aerobic capacity, as measured by VO2 max, following the 4-week aerobic dance exercise intervention among registered gym users.
 Research Questions
The following research questions were examined:
- What is the effect of a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program on the resting heart rate of registered gym users at Delta State College of Education?
- How does the aerobic dance exercise program influence the blood pressure levels (systolic and diastolic) of registered gym users?
- What changes occur in aerobic capacity, as measured by VO2 max, following the 4-week aerobic dance exercise intervention among registered gym users?
Research Hypotheses
Null Hypotheses(H1):
- The resting heart rate of registered gym users at Delta State College of Education will not decrease significantly after participating in a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program.
- The blood pressure levels (both systolic and diastolic) of registered gym users will not decrease significantly following the aerobic dance exercise intervention.
- Participants’ aerobic capacity, as measured by VO2 max, will not significantly improve after completing the 4-week aerobic dance exercise program.
Alternative Hypotheses(H1):
- The resting heart rate of registered gym users at Delta State College of Education will decrease significantly after participating in a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program.
- The blood pressure levels (both systolic and diastolic) of registered gym users will decrease significantly following the aerobic dance exercise intervention.
- Participants’ aerobic capacity, as measured by VO2 max, will significantly improve after completing the 4-week aerobic dance exercise program.
 Significance of the Study
This study is of considerable significance as it adds to the current understanding of how aerobic dance exercise impacts cardiovascular variables, specifically among registered gym users in educational settings. By examining the effects of aerobic dance within this demographic, the study aims to provide valuable insights that can inform various aspects of health promotion, exercise prescription, and curriculum development in physical education programs.
Understanding the effects of aerobic dance exercise on cardiovascular variables among registered gym users is essential for informing health promotion initiatives. These findings can help educators and health professionals develop targeted interventions to promote cardiovascular health within educational institutions. By identifying the potential benefits of aerobic dance, such as improved cardiovascular fitness and lipid profiles, health promotion efforts can be tailored to encourage participation in aerobic dance classes as part of a comprehensive approach to enhancing overall health and well-being.
Additionally, the results of this study can contribute to the development of evidence-based exercise prescription guidelines. By elucidating the specific effects of aerobic dance exercise on cardiovascular variables, practitioners can better tailor exercise recommendations for individuals, taking into account factors such as age, fitness level, and cardiovascular risk profile. This personalized approach to exercise prescription can optimize the effectiveness of aerobic dance interventions and improve adherence among registered gym users seeking to improve their cardiovascular health.
Furthermore, the findings of this study may have implications for curriculum development in physical education programs. By highlighting the potential benefits of aerobic dance exercise, educators can incorporate aerobic dance classes into physical education curricula to promote cardiovascular health among students. Integrating aerobic dance into physical education programs not only provides students with an enjoyable and engaging form of exercise but also equips them with the knowledge and skills to maintain a healthy lifestyle beyond their academic years.
Scope of the Study
This study focuses on investigating the effects of a 4-week aerobic dance exercise program on the cardiovascular variables (resting heart rate, blood pressure, and aerobic capacity) of registered gym users at Delta State College of Education. The study will involve participants who are currently enrolled in the college’s gym facilities and have consented to participate in the research.
Operational Definition of Terms
Aerobic Dance Exercise: A form of physical activity that combines dance movements with aerobic conditioning, aimed at improving cardiovascular fitness.
Cardiovascular Variables: Physiological parameters related to the cardiovascular system, including resting heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and aerobic capacity.
Registered Gym Users: Individuals who are enrolled as members of the gym facilities at Delta State College of Education and have access to the gym for exercise purposes.
Resting Heart Rate: The number of heartbeats per minute while the body is at rest, typically measured in a seated or lying position after a period of rest.
Blood Pressure: The force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), consisting of systolic pressure (during heartbeats) and diastolic pressure (between heartbeats).
Aerobic Capacity: The maximum rate at which the body can consume oxygen during exercise, often expressed as VO2 max (maximum oxygen consumption).
Delta State College of Education: An educational institution located in Delta State, Nigeria, providing teacher education and other academic programs.
Educational Institution: A formal establishment where education is provided, including schools, colleges, and universities, with a focus on academic and professional development.
REFERENCES
- Schiffer, T., Schulte, S., & Sperlich, B. (2020). Aerobic dance: health and fitness effects in middle-aged premenopausal women. Journal of Exercise Physiology-online, 11(4), 25-33.
- Schumacher, Y. O., Grathwohl, D., Barturen, J. M., Wollenweber, M., Heinrich, L., Schmid, A., Huber, G., & Keul, J. (2020). Haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell indices in elite cyclists. Are the control values for blood testing valid? International journal of sports medicine, 21(5), 380-385.
- Seok-Am, Z., & Seung-Suk K. (2022). Effect of boxing aerobic dance on body composition, blood component and vascular compliance in obese middle-aged women. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 13(9), 4009-4017.
- Shari, M., Aiman, S., & Yusof, S. M. (2022). Blood profile alterations in overweight females after aerobic interventions. In Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology. 221-231. Doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-107-7_23
- Sofianidis, G., Hatzitaki, V., Douka, S., & Grouios, G. (2019). Effect of a 10-Week Traditional Dance Program on Static and Dynamic Balance Control in Elderly Adults. J. Aging Phys. Act, 17(2), 167-180.
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