TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – v
Table of content – – – – – – – – – vii
List of tables – – – – – – – – – x
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background to the study – – – – – – – 1
1.2. Statement of problem – – – – – – – – 3
1.3. Objectives of the study – – – – – – – 4
1.4. Research questions – – – – – – – – 4
1.5. Significance of the study – – – – – – – 5
1.6. Scope of the study – – – – – – – – 6
1.7. Operational definition of terms – – – – – – 6
1.8 Organization of the Study – – – – – – – 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Introduction – – – – – – – – 8
2.2. Conceptual Literature – – – – — 8
2.2.1. Family – – – – – – – – 8
2.2.2. Family Background – – – – – – – 9
2.2.3. Concept of achievement – – – – – – 10
2.2.4. Academic Performance – – – – – – – 10
2.2.5. The Effects of Family Background on Students Learning – – 13
2.3. Reviews of Empirical Studies – – – – – – 15
2.4. Theoretical Review – – – – – – – – 17
2.4.1. Parental Attachment Theory – – – – – – 17
2.4.2. Self-Determination Theory – – – – – – 18
2.4.3. Maslow’s Motivational Theory – – – – – 18
2.5. Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 19
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Introduction – – – – – – – – – 20
3.2. Research Design – – – – – – – – – 20
3.3. Population of the Study – – – – – – – 21
3.4. Sampling Size – – – – – – – – 21
3.5. Sampling Technique – – – – – – – 21
3.6. Instrument for Data Collection – – – – – – 22
3.7. Method of Data Collection – – – – – – 22
3.8. Validity/Reliability of Instrument – – – – – 23
3.8.1. Reliability test – – – – – – – – 23
3.9. Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – – 25
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1. Introduction – – – – – – – – – 26
4.2. Data Presentation/Analysis – – – – – – 26
4.3. Discussion of Findings – – – – – – – 36
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. Introduction – – – – – – – – – 39
5.2. Summary – – – – – – – – – 39
5.3. Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 40
5.4. Recommendations – – – – – – – – 41
5.5. Limitations to the Study – – – – – – 41
5.6. Suggestions for Further Studies – – – – – 42
REFERENCES – – – – – – – – – 43
APPENDIX – – – – – – – – – 46
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Sex of Respondents – – – – – – – 26
Table 2 Category of Respondents – – – – – 27
Table 3 Age distribution of Respondents – – – – – 27
Table 4 Marital status of respondents – – – – – 28
Table 5 Education Attainment of Respondents – – – – 28
Table 6: Respondent view on who the student stay with – – 29
Table 7: Respondent view on occupation of parent occupation of parent- 30
Table 8: respondent view on family size – – – – – 30
Table 9: respondent view on when parent pay fees and other charges – 31
Table 10: Respondent view on who pay the fees and other charges – 32
Table 11: Respondent view on whether student with low socio-economic
background perform poorly in academics – – – 33
Table 12: respondent view on whether large family size influence
student academic performance – – – – – 33
Table 13: Respondent view on influence of parent educational background
on academic performance of students – – – – 34
Table 14: Respondent view on whether income of parent affect their
children educational performance – – – — – 35
ABSTRACT
This research work empirically explored family background and its influence on the child performance in school. The purpose of which is to investigate family background on educational sector as well proffer solution to the problems. The objectives of this study were to access the socio-economic status of parent of students in Kwali area council of federal capital territory (FCT) and determine the effect of family background on students and learning. The scope of the study is all secondary schools of Nigeria making use of student and parents of some selected secondary schools, the Parental attachment theory was used as a framework. The research design used for this study is survey, the population targeted for this study consists of all secondary schools in Nigeria, a total of 10 schools was used as sample size consisting of 300 questionnaires administered to students and parents and cluster sampling technique was applied. Instrument used for this study is the questionnaire. Data collected were collected from primary sources. From the analysis of the data, the findings shows that the socio-economic status of parent of students in Kwali area council of federal capital territory (FCT) is average, family background influence students learning ability. Following the findings, it was recommended that the socio-economic status of parent of students should be raised, a good family background should be kept as this influence students learning ability. The study concludes that that a good family background should be kept by all families, parent/guardian should help their children/ward in whatever way they can in their academics.
Keyword: family, family background, academic performance, Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background to the Study
Education is arguably the most important social institution in any modern society. It is a major social determinant of almost all aspect of life (Fischer and Hout, 2006). Success is education is measured according to academic performance over the years. Unequal distribution of education among students is a form of social inequality. Education is a mechanism through which parent transmit their social advantages or disadvantages to children inter-generationally (Blau and Duncan, 1967). Education is a basic tool used by society for transmission of its societal values.
Every parent or family is happy to find its child performing excellently in academics. It is the responsibility of the family to provide all the needed support in the upbringing of the child. Beil (2000) opined that parent devote a lot of resources to their children because they believe good academic performance will provide a stable future for them.
The central role of the family in affecting children’s educational attainment is given. Families are important to provide safe, nurturing environments in which children can learn to function in society. A growing number of study confirmed that family background, especially in early childhood exerts strong influence on children’s educational outcome. Adeyemi (1997) noted that if the house fails to provide the child with the necessary equipment to fit him/her into a proper place in the society and guided properly for his/her future career, then the child is damaged. Economic position of parents is one of the major factors that can greatly influence the educational upbringing of the child.
The issue of pupil’s performance in schools has been of concern ever since modern education was introduced. The impact of family background on the academic achievement of pupils in schools today is gaining attention lately in educational circles of the world. Family is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognised birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of families is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. As the basic unit for meeting the basic needs of its members, it provides a sense of boundaries for performing task in a safe environment, ideally builds a person into a functional adult, transmit culture and ensures continuity of humankind with precedents of knowledge.
Ryan (2000) shows that there is a significant effect of family background variables, parent support and teacher support on a child’s educational attainment. Research shows that supportive and attentive parenting practices positively affect academic achievement (Eamon, 2005)
However it is disheartening to note that the poor performance of students in schools is attributed to parental background. Education is paramount, children with high academic performance tend to succeed in life. Education is one of the most important aspect of human life especially in this modern era where educational qualification obtained is inquired of when been considered for a job by employers. The educational system of Nigeria have been in crisis for many years ranging from the problem of presence of unqualified teachers in the educational system to the problem of lack of infrastructural facilities, negative attitude of students towards learning, parental background is also a major cause.
It is against this backdrop that the researcher is interested in investigating family background and its influence on the child performance in school. The researcher intends to investigate the variables in the family background with a view of assessing their relative influence n academic achievement.
1.2. Statement of the Research Problem
Most students in Nigeria are in greater risk of poor academic. Education is the best legacy a parent can give its children. The development of the nation start from the family. Various factors have been identified as the cause of continuous declining of the educational system of Nigeria such as inadequate infrastructural facilities. With the availability of more qualified teachers, improved technology and facilities for teaching and learning, educational system is still losing her values.
Parent’s involvement is highly related to their children success in education. The educational system of Nigeria is still faced with a lot of problems. Some of the problems include student learning skills, parental background, peer influence, teachers’ quality, learning infrastructure among others. The educational sector is responsible for performing several vital works in any economy. The various experts of various fields have to pass through the educational system to become one.
Academic performance is an essential factor in educational achievement. It is discouraging to note that Nigeria students still perform poorly. Although, for some time now it appears government have tried various methods in resolving the issue.
It is against this backdrop that the researcher considered the study of family background and its influence on the child performance in school.
1.3. Objectives of the study
The aim of this study was to investigate on family background and its influence on the child performance in school. The specific objectives are to:
- access the socio-economic status of parent of students in Kwali area council of federal capital territory (FCT).
- determine the effect of family background on students and learning.
1.4. Research Questions
This study will be guided by the following research questions:
- What are the socio-economic status of parent of students in Kwali area council of federal capital territory (FCT)?
- What are the effect of family background on students and learning?
1.5. Significance of the Study
The critical nature of educational to the success or growth of any economy is given. Empirically, this study is carried out to investigate the family background and its influence on the child performance in school so as to ameliorate the problems associated with it. This study will be important to the family, society and government.
This study will be of utmost importance to investors, government and the researchers because it will provide policy recommendations to the various Nigeria stakeholders taking adequate measures in educational sector. It is hoped that the exploration student performance will provide a broad view of the operations of the educational system to investors and government. It will contribute to existing literature on the subject matter by investigating empirically the role of family in academic successes. This study will be of benefit to;
The Academia: members of the academia will find the study relevant as it will also form basis for further research and a reference tool for academic works.
Government: this study will reveal to the government happenings in the educational sector. Formulation and implementation of policies based on this findings would ensure development in the sector.
Investors: this study shall also be valuable to the investors especially those who may have research interest as it shall guide their private investment decisions.
1.6. Scope of the Study
This study is intended to investigate the family background and its influence on the child performance in school, using some selected schools in kwali area council of FCT.
1.7. Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms have been defined operationally.
- Family: group of people related by birth, marriage or together relationship.
- Family background: refers to all the objects, forces and conditions in the family which influence the child physically, intellectually and emotionally (Muola 2010).
- Academic performance: is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution attained their short or long-term educational goals.
1.8 Organization of the Study
This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is introduction which consists of the background to the study, statement of problem, research questions, research hypotheses, objectives of the study, the significance of the study, the scope and limitations of the study and finally the organization of the study. Chapter two deals with the literature review which consists of the conceptual literature, theoretical literature, empirical literature, theoretical framework. Chapter three gives the research methodology including research design, population of study, sample size, sampling technique, method of data collection, instrument of data analysis, method of data analysis, validity/reliability of instrument. Chapter four is presentation and analysis of data, discussion of findings. Chapter five gives the summary, conclusion and recommendations.
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