Abstract
This study was on Impact of Television Programming on Prevalent of Social Vices in Ogun State. The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected secondary schools in gun state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up principals, vice principals administration, senior staff and junior staff were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies.
Chapter one
Introduction
- Background of the study
The overwhelming influence of television on the lives of people since its invention has over the years become not only undebatable, but equally stunning. Television according to Onwuegbu, (2001) is an electronic cum audio-visual device through which viewers watch recorded and live programmes on air. The influence of television on the lives of people stems not only from the three roles it plays as a medium of information, education and entertainment. Also many groups have taken solace in television and its programmes as means of relaxation, recreation, withdrawal, goal setting and socialization.
Television is an important tool for most people, young or old, today most information is delivered to the public via this technology. It can now be accessed easily via cables or satellite, which could provide consumers with every type of information they need in their daily activities. According to Kamaruzaman (2009:151): With the emergence of this media and the production of various programmes, television has caught the attention of most people. Comparable to other media, television is the most accessible media to most people, including young children, where television is their most favourite form of media. Burton (2003) argues that the use of television by young children particularly has raise debates and concerns to many organization and researchers (e.g. Griffiths and Machin, 2003 Anderson and Pempek, 2005) due to the boundless access to various types of information which could affect their development, behaviour, health and learning. Likewise, Chinemere (2014:58) states that “Television is a compact structure that creates an intimate medium, because it brings the world into our homes and brings its audience into direct relationship with particular values and attitudes”. Rodman (2006) posits that television remains the most time consuming activity, yet the main source of news and information.
The rapid acculturation arising from globalization has been identified as an important factor responsible for increase social vices in modern societies (Udebhulu, 2009). Individuals have to contend with these vices because they violate societal norms and values. In other words, they could be regarded as ‘a thorn in the flesh’ of human peace and tranquility. Although Jones et al. (1985) noted that the rate of vices in the developed economy is very high as indicated by its increasing occurrence, but it could be observed that it has minimal impact on national development because of a robust structure to fund security systems that are committed to protecting lives and properties and bringing perpetrators to book. However, the problem is a major issue of concern in most developing countries, where complex vices are alien to their culture (Omonijo and Nnedum, 2012b).
Nigeria is a classic case in point, where large quantity of literature on social vices are found. Prominent among them being the works by Jumaat (2001), Kuna (2008), Atabong et al., 2010; Fasasi, 2006; Kayuni, 2009; Olasehinde-Williams (2009), Okafor and Duru (2010), Jekayinfa et al. (2011), Osakwe (2011) and Omonijo et al. (2013b). Other studies focused on vices hindering the peace and smooth running of academic calender on many campuses. Some examples include, investigations on the escalation of cultism, which has claimed lives of many young promising students (Ajayi et al., 2010; Arijesuyo and Olusanya, 2011); dynamics of Gang Criminality and Corruption in Nigeria Universities (Kingston, 2011); cultism or gangsterism and its effect on moral development of learners in Nigerian tertiary institution (Pemede and Viavonu, 2010). The proliferation of violent movies, in the market tends to increase the rate of violence being carried out by youth. Considering the ever increasing cases of cult clashes resulting in bloodletting and death of students countless records of rape and armed robberies by students leads to the fact that heavy exposure to televised violence influences the viewer’s social behaviour.
Statement of the problem
As one of the largest forms of public media to ever exist, television is prominent in young people’s daily lives. Despite the positive effects of television on its viewers, some television programmes/contents are not only unsuitable, especially for young minds, but are inimical to their habit formation. Unfortunately, television is such an open medium that viewers can virtually have access to all its programmes/contents without restriction or inhibition. Studies in the developed countries have shown abundantly (e.gBushman, and Huesmann, (2006);Samrat, 6 (2008); Robertson, et al, (2013) that television viewing is harmful to the cognitive development of young persons. Furthermore, their studies revealed that there is a link between television viewing and incidents of social vices such as open violence, illicit sex, drug abuse and other related immoral acts. The focus of this research is the anti-social behaviours observed amongst children that are directly linked to contents portrayed in certain television programmes.
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To identify the type of television programmes/contents that not recommendable for viewer
- To ascertain the relationship between television programme and social vices in Ogun state
- To ascertain the effect of television programme on habit of viewers
Research hypotheses
For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;
H0: there is no type of television programmes/contents that not recommendable for viewer
H1: there is type of television programmes/contents that not recommendable for viewer
H02: there is no relationship between television programme and social vices in Ogun state
H2: there is relationship between television programme and social vices in Ogun state
1.5 significance of the study
This study was carried out to assess Impact of Television Programming on Prevalent of Social Vices in Ogun State. The significance of this study for future researchers is that its result will provide headway to information concerning their inquiries and also an added resource to available literature. Findings of this study will also help educate parents on the significance of checking the type of entertainment programmes their young adolescents watch. It is also hoped that findings would also assist viewers to understand more on how they can use the entertainment function of the television to their own benefit.
Scope and limitation of the study
The scope of the study covers Impact of Television Programming on Prevalent of Social Vices in Ogun State. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Television Entertainment Programmes: A television programme containing a variety of entertainment elements that are of interest to secondary school students.
Social vices: Social vices are deviant behaviours such as illicit sex, drug addiction, evil or immoral behavior such as murder, examination malpractice, thuggery and such other criminal tendencies
Television viewing: This refers to the attention an individual devotes to watching television set such as the amount of time children spend watching television programmes/contents.
Programmes: Programmes are segments of contents intended for broadcast through the use of the electronic media such as television. These programmes are aired by television stations and channe
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
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