CHAPETR ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research Hypotheses
1.5 Justification of the study
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Scope and limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
1.9 Organization of the study
CHAPETR TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPETR THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 sources of data collection
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sampling and sampling distribution
3.5 Validation of research instrument
3.6 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introductions
4.2 Data analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
Appendix
ABSTRACT
This study is on motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate student. The total population for the study is 200 students of university of Ibadan. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made final year student, year four students, year three students and year two students were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the study
The lifestyle of people in society today, rather it is a physical activity that is less than the past which is why it’s important to the quality of life. Resulting in worse health compared to the past, the rate of deterioration of conditions can cause death and more. The study found that lack of exercise can cause risk factors for chronic disease (Hagger & Chatzisarantis, 2008) such as cancer (Byers et al., 2002), diseases related to the cardiovascular system and blood circulation (Hooper et al., 2001), obesity (Ross et al., 2000), diabetes (Fritz et al., 2006) with many studies that point out the importance of the changes of the body and mind from exercise training programs. For example, benefits of exercise such as reducing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and colon cancer, a healthy and strongly bones, weight change for the better sleep, reduce anxiety and depression, enhancing self-esteem (Marcus & Forsyth, 2003) by the body and mind will benefit from an exercise program that is sufficient. It must have designed the program based on the principles, the type, frequency, intensity and duration (time) of (Martin et al., 2000), as appropriate jogging 3-5 times a week in the 60-90 percent of the maximum pulse rate and exercise 20-60 minutes per session which is a form of exercise that affect health such as cycling, walking quickly (15-20 minutes per mile), dance, walking, playing golf, playing volleyball, etc (Marcus & Forsyth, 2003). For the United Kingdom authorities relating to the promotion of health has been promoted through various media to encourage people to focus on healthcare with exercise which aims of the public in good health free from preventable illness in addition to the benefits of enhancing health. Medical exercise has been used as a remedy for many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon cancer, arthritis, bone degeneration, obesity (Brunet, Plotnikoff, Raine, & Courneya, 2005; Sallis & Owen, 1999 cited in Wolfe, 2008), stress disorder (Buckworth & Dishman, 2002), anxiety disorder (Petruzzello et al., 1991), which was found to have therapeutic benefits as well.
The theory of self-determination (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985) offers an explanation for differences in adherence to exercise. SDT is based on the assumption that the choices an individual make are driven by self-determined motives and/or externally determined motives. Typically, when exercise goals are self-determined, they reflect intrinsic motivation based on enjoyment, competence, and social interaction. Research has demonstrated that this kind of motivation is correlated with exercise intentions and exercise adherence, particularly in student (Centers for Disease Control, 2010; Edmunds et al., 2007; Izquierdo-Porrera et al., 2002; Prichard & Tiggemann, 2008; Teixera et al., 2006; Wankel, 1993; Wilson & Rodgers, 2004). When goals are not self-determined, but rather, introjected or controlled, they reflect motivation that is driven by external sources; in general, research findings have demonstrated that this kind of motivation undermines the development of autonomy, and is therefore not optimal for sustaining an intentional physical activity routine (Ryan & Deci, 2000; Ryan et al., 1997; Segar et al., 2006). Presumably, when individuals feel pressured to exercise, they lack the enjoyment and inner motivation to continue, causing them to discontinue their behavior.
ladies often report that their motivation to exercise is based on body-related concerns (Anderson, 2003; Berman et al., 2005; Finkenberg et al., 1994; Gill & Overdorf, 1994; Markland & Ingledew, 2007; Tiggemann & Williamson, 2000), which reflect an external or interjected pressure. For example, Berman and colleagues (2005) reported that women endorsed weight and body related reasons for exercise, and though they did exercise, they continued to experience body dissatisfaction, preoccupation with weight, and poor emotional well-being. Importantly, Kilpatrick, Hebert, and Bartholomew (2005) suggest that women report weight management as a motivation for exercise more often than do men, which may make them particularly susceptible to exercise non-adherence. Based on this background the study is carried out to investigate motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate students
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Buckworth & Dishman (2007) mention that the adherence must be reframed to consider patterns of physical activity over the lifespan by efforts must be made to study the patterns of physical activity over time and in a different population, considering unique cultural and economic-political differences within and among students. So, it should encourage students to exercise and when they choose to exercise, they should be encouraged to exercise regularly and consistently. Promote adherence to exercise, it should be done since their youth (15-24 years), during which the young are as important to the nation’s future. The research to support that exercise behavior during childhood can be used as predictors of exercise or physical activity behavior in young adults (Coakley & White, 1992; Risto, Xiaolin, Lauri, & Jorma, 2000, cited in Jermsuravong, 2006). Support and encourage individuals exercise at an early age is the best age. Since age is the age of knowledge and development of body and mind. When the bodies healthy, it will make learning more efficient as well as students who will be an asset to the nation are crucial to the development in the future should turn to exercise and healthy eaters and more. When entering the age of 30 years or more, it will have the opportunity to diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, etc. Therefore, the best approach is prevention. Exercise regularly and continuously can cultivate since childhood. What is important for promoting exercise behavior in childhood, it should be to maintain health and prevent disease in the long term from moving into adulthood and old age to healthy and strong
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the important of exercise among female student in University of Ibadan
- To ascertain the motivational factors that encourage female students to exercise
- To ascertain whether exercise affect academic performance of female students of University of Ibadan
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The researcher intends to test the following under listed hypotheses:
Hypothesis 1:
Ho: there is no important of exercise among female student in University of Ibadan.
Hi: there is important of exercise among female student in University of Ibadan.
Hypothesis 2:
Ho: there is no motivational factors that encourage female students to exercise.
Hi: there is motivational factors that encourage female students to exercise.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be very significant to students, the ministry of education and the policy makers. The study will give a clear insight on the motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate students. The study will also serve as a reference to other researcher that will embark on the related topic
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate student. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Motivation: a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way
Determinant: a factor which decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
Exercise: Exercise involves engaging in physical activity and increasing the heart rate beyond resting levels. It is an important part of preserving physical and mental health.
Undergraduate: An undergraduate is a college or university student who’s not a graduate student. After high school, you can become an undergraduate. Undergraduates are students of universities and colleges: they’ve graduated from high school and have been accepted to college, but they haven’t graduated yet
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