TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLEÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â PAGE
Title page                                                                                                                             i
Certification                                                                                                                                   ii
Dedication                                                                                                                          iii
Acknowledgement                                                                                                            iv
Table of content                                                                                                                 vii
List of Tables                                                                                                                      x
Abstract                                                                                                                               xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1      Background to the study                                                                                     1
1.2      Statement of Research problem                                                                       6
1.3      Objectives of study                                                                                               10
1.4      Statement of Hypotheses                                                                                    10
1.5      Significance of study                                                                                            12
1.6      Scope and limitations                                                                                          13
1.7      Definition of terms                                                                                               14
References                                                                                                                           16
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKÂ
2.1      Political parties as building blocks of Electoral politics                              19
2.2Â Â Â Â Variety in origins and development of political parties. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 22
2.3Â Â Â Â Â Â Party origins and development in established western
Democracies                                                                                                           23
2.4      Party origins and development in the developing world                           26
2.5      Historical Background of Nigerian political parties                                  27
2.6      Theoretical Framework                                                                                       32
2.7      Theoretical explanations of party and party system development         33
References                                                                                                                           40
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1      Research Design                                                                                                    46
3.2      Population of study                                                                                              46
3.3      Sample size/Sampling technique                                                                      47
3.4      Research Instrument: Questionnaire/ Interview                                         48
3.5      Validity and Reliability of instruments                                                           49
3.6    Sources of Data                                                                              49
3.7      Techniques of data analysis                                                                               49
References                                                                                                                           51
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
 INTERPRETATION
4.1      Introduction                                                                                                           52
4.2      Data presentation                                                                                                 52
4.3      Test of Hypotheses                                                                                    68
4.4    Interview Analysis                                                                        77
References                                                                                                                           81
CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1      Introduction                                                                                                           82
5.2      Summary and Discussions of findings                                                            82
5.3      Recommendations                                                                                                87
5.4      Conclusions                                                                                                            89
References                                                                                                                           90
Bibliography                                                                                                                       91
Appendix A: Questionnaires                                                                                          100
Appendix B:Â Interview Schedule (Guide)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 104
Appendix C: List of Political Parties                                                                           107
Appendix D: Statistical                                                                                                  111
LIST OF TABLES
Table No:                            Title                                                                                      Page
3.1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Edo State:Â Population and Sample Size by Senatorial
Districts and Local Government Areas                                               47
4.2.1              Distribution of Respondents by Sex                                                     53
4.2.2              Distribution of Respondents by Marital Status                                 53
4.2.3              Distribution of Respondents by Age Group                                       54
4.2.4              Distribution of Respondents by Educational Level                          54
4.2.5              Distribution of Respondents by Occupation                                      55
4.2.6              Belong to any of the Political Party                                                      55
4.2.7              Which Part?                                                                                                56
4.2.8Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Presidential System and Strong and Vibrant
Opposition Parties in Nigeria                                                                56
4.2.9              INEC and Strong and Vibrant Parties in Nigeria                             57
4.2.10Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Funding of Political Parties by Government and
Strong and Well Organized Parties in Nigeria                                  58
4.2.11 Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Organizational Structure of Nigerian Political
Parties is poor or ineffective                                                                  58
4.2.12Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Cordial Relationship between and Among Nigerian
Political Parties                                                                                           59
4.2.13            Level playing Field for Nigerian Political Parties                             59
4.2.14Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Nigerian Parties are Legitimate and well Disposed
Towards the Citizenry                                                                             60
4.2.15Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Ethnicity and Political Parties and Party System
Development in Nigeria                                                                          60
4.2.16Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Increase in Number of Political Parties and Quality
and Outcomes of Elections in Nigeria                                                 61
4.2.17Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â High Institutionalization of Political Parties and
Party System in Nigeria                                                                          61
4.2.18            Nigerian Parties and Ideology                                                               62
4.2.19            Internal Democracy within Nigerian Political Parties                    62
4.2.20            Nigerian Parties are Issue or Programme Driven Based                63
4.2.21            Political Parties in Nigeria are Elite/Patron Based                           63
4.2.22            Party Discipline and Nigerian Political Parties                                64
4.2.23            Multi-Party System and the Nigerian State                                       64
4.2.24            Two-Party System and the Nigerian State                                         65
4.2.25Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Simple Plurality (FPTP) Electoral System and the
Nigerian State                                                                                            65
4.2.26            Proportional Representation and the Nigerian State                      66
4.2.27Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Appointment of INEC Chairman and the President
of Nigeria                                                                                                    66
4.2.28            Election Petition Tribunal and the Nigerian Presidency                67
ABSTRACT
This study examines, investigates, and surveys opinion of Nigerians on some of the factors that influence party and party system development in Nigeria, using data elicited from the three Senatorial Districts of Edo State, Nigeria. The exercise was embarked upon against the background of widespread desire of Nigerians for the country to attain the highest height of party politics. To be sure, Nigerians have been clamouring for the country to evolve, organize and develop viable political parties that will aid the democratization process. The question raised has been whether the political attitudes and predispositions of the Nigerian public are supportive or antagonistic to the identified factors influencing and shaping party and party system development in Nigeria.
The stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents or sample of 1,200 Nigerians, from Edo-North, Edo-Central, and Edo-South Senatorial Districts of Edo State. The measurement instruments were the structured questionnaire and in-depth interview, designed to enable the researcher get at the trend of party development in Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of simple percentage, and the chi-square and Yule’s Q to test and determine
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