Polygamy and Violence Among Rural Dwellers: Its Prevalence and Implications on Family Development in South West Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore polygamy and violence among rural dwellers: its prevalence and implications on family development in Southwest Nigeria. Adopting a quantitative survey research design, data were collected from a sample of 120 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, encompassing descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including the t-test. The main findings of this study revealed a significant prevalence of polygamy among rural dwellers in the South West Nigeria region. The mean prevalence rate was 87.75, indicating a substantial presence of polygamous households. Additionally, the analysis showed a substantial association between polygamy and violence within polygamous households (Mean = 91.50, Std. Deviation = 2.887), with respondents expressing concerns about violence in such family structures. Furthermore, the study examined the implications of polygamy and violence on family development. The results suggested that these factors had a significant negative impact on family development (Mean = 91.25, Std. Deviation = 2.986). Hypotheses were tested using the t-test, and the computed t-statistics exceeded the critical table values, leading to the rejection of the null hypotheses. These findings indicate that polygamy is prevalent among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria and is positively associated with violence within polygamous households. Additionally, polygamy and violence negatively affect family development in this context. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence of the prevalence of polygamy in rural South West Nigeria and its association with violence within polygamous households. The findings underscore the complex interplay between polygamy, violence, and family development in this cultural context, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address these issues comprehensively. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics within polygamous households and their impact on family well-being in the region.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Polygamy, a marital arrangement involving one individual having multiple spouses simultaneously, has been a deeply entrenched cultural practice in various parts of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria, specifically the South West region, is no exception to this historical tradition. Throughout history, polygamy has been influenced by cultural, religious, and economic factors, shaping family structures and dynamics significantly. As evidenced by Abramsky et al. (2021), intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a serious concern globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where various factors contribute to its prevalence. However, it is important to note that not all polygamous households necessarily experience violence. Ahinkorah, Dickson, and Seidu (2018) highlight the need to understand the determinants of IPV, particularly within polygamous contexts, to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies.
In rural South West Nigeria, traditional values and norms play a pivotal role in shaping family arrangements, with polygamy being a prominent feature. Akamike et al. (2019) emphasise the complexities surrounding gender-based violence and its prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Polygamous households, where multiple wives coexist, can become potential spaces for power struggles, jealousy, and competition among the wives, potentially contributing to higher instances of IPV (Amo-Adjei & Tuoyire, 2016). The coexistence of these factors underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between polygamy and IPV.
As gender norms and power dynamics within polygamous households influence the occurrence of IPV, it is crucial to examine the implications of such practices on family development. Anjorin et al. (2020) highlight the intricate relationship between undernutrition, polygynous context, and family structure, suggesting that the presence of multiple wives in a household could contribute to disparities in resources and support. Ashimi and Amole (2015) shed light on the specific challenges faced by pregnant women within polygamous households, indicating that IPV can have serious consequences not only on individual well-being but also on maternal and child health.
While numerous studies have investigated the factors contributing to IPV in general, the unique dynamics of polygamous households in rural South West Nigeria deserve special attention. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (2019) emphasize the importance of addressing violence against women and promoting gender equality. In the context of polygamy, understanding the determinants and implications of IPV becomes even more pertinent. This research seeks to bridge the gap in the literature by exploring the prevalence of polygamy and its potential connection to violence within polygamous households, while also examining their impact on family development.
It is evident from previous research that the determinants of IPV within polygamous households are complex and multifaceted. The cultural significance of polygamy in South West Nigeria necessitates an in-depth exploration of its various dimensions. The systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Muluneh et al. (2020) highlight the wide-ranging impacts of gender-based violence on women’s health, indicating the urgent need to develop interventions that consider cultural context and family dynamics. Moreover, the experiences of women in polygamous households can vary based on factors such as autonomy, decision-making capacity, and economic resources (Nguyen et al., 2019; Tenkorang, 2018). These factors underscore the need for a comprehensive approach that considers both individual and contextual variables.
Statement of Problem
The prevalence of polygamy and its potential link to violence within polygamous households among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria pose critical challenges to family dynamics and overall development. Polygamy, deeply rooted in cultural and historical contexts, is a well-established practice in this region. However, the coexistence of multiple wives within a single household has the potential to create power struggles, jealousy, and competition, which may contribute to higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) (Amo-Adjei & Tuoyire, 2016; Ahinkorah et al., 2018). Despite growing awareness of gender-based violence and its adverse impacts, the specific role of polygamy in exacerbating IPV and its broader consequences for family well-being and development remain relatively underexplored.
While several studies have examined IPV determinants in general, there is a dearth of research that thoroughly investigates the nuanced relationship between polygamy and violence within the specific cultural and social context of rural South West Nigeria. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (United Nations, 2019) emphasize the importance of addressing violence against women and promoting gender equality. However, the potential influence of polygamous practices on these goals requires deeper examination. Hence, this research aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the prevalence of polygamy, its association with IPV, and the implications of this relationship for family development. Understanding these dynamics is essential for informing policy interventions and promoting healthier family environments in this region.
Objectives of the Study
The specific objectives of this study are as follows:
- To determine the prevalence of polygamy among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria.
- To explore the potential relationship between polygamy and the occurrence of violence within polygamous households.
- To analyze the implications of polygamy and violence on family development in the context of rural South West Nigeria.
Research Questions
To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the study addresses the following research questions:
- What is the extent of polygamy prevalence among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria?
- Is there a correlation between polygamy and the occurrence of violence within polygamous households?
- How does the practice of polygamy and the presence of violence impact family development in rural South West Nigeria?
Research Hypotheses
Based on the research questions, the following hypotheses are formulated:
- There is no significant prevalence of polygamy among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria.
- The practice of polygamy is not positively associated with the occurrence of violence within polygamous households.
- Polygamy and violence have no significant negative implications for family development in rural South West Nigeria.
Significance of the Study
This study holds paramount significance for various stakeholders, including students, scholars, and families, by shedding light on the intricate relationship between polygamy, violence, and family development among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria.
For students, this research offers a unique opportunity to engage in a comprehensive analysis of a complex societal issue. It provides a platform to understand the cultural nuances and dynamics that contribute to the prevalence of polygamy and its potential impact on violence within families. By delving into this subject, students can develop a deeper understanding of social norms, gender dynamics, and the intersection of tradition with modern challenges.
Scholars in various fields, including sociology, gender studies, and family dynamics, can benefit from the insights provided by this study. The findings offer new perspectives that contribute to the existing body of knowledge on polygamy, intimate partner violence, and family structures. This research serves as a foundation for further academic inquiry, stimulating discussions and debates that can guide future research directions.
For families, especially those in rural South West Nigeria, the study’s findings can have direct implications for well-being and harmonious living. By understanding the potential consequences of polygamy and violence, families can take proactive measures to address conflict, promote open communication, and seek resources for healthy conflict resolution. Ultimately, the research serves as a resource for families to make informed decisions about their familial structures and navigate challenges more constructively.
In summary, this study is an invaluable contribution to both academic discourse and practical understanding. It equips students with critical analytical skills, guides scholars toward further investigation, and empowers families with knowledge to foster more positive and supportive family environments. By uncovering the complexities of polygamy, violence, and family development, this research strives to make a positive impact on multiple levels of society.
Scope of the Study
This study delved into the intricate interplay between polygamy, violence, and family development among rural dwellers in South West Nigeria. The research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and potential implications of polygamous practices within the context of intimate partner violence.
The geographical scope of the study was limited to the South West Nigeria region, where polygamy remained culturally and historically significant. By focusing on this specific area, the study aimed to capture the nuances of local traditions, norms, and dynamics that influenced polygamous relationships and their potential impacts on family structures.
The study primarily investigated the association between polygamy and intimate partner violence, analyzing factors that might have contributed to conflict within polygamous households and their consequences for family development. While the study acknowledged the multifaceted nature of violence, its main focus was on intimate partner violence within the context of polygamy.
The findings from this research have implications for broader discussions on family dynamics, gender relations, and cultural practices. However, it’s important to note that the study’s scope was limited to the South West Nigeria region, and the findings might not be universally applicable to other cultural or regional contexts.
Operational Definition of Terms
To ensure clarity and consistency, the following terms are operationally defined:
Polygamy: The practice of having multiple spouses simultaneously, involving a man having more than one wife.
Violence: Refers to physical, emotional, or psychological harm inflicted upon individuals within the family context.
Rural Dwellers: Individuals residing in areas characterized by low population density, limited infrastructure, and traditional socio-cultural practices.
Prevalence: The extent to which polygamy is present within the specified population.
Family Development: The process of growth, change, and adaptation within a family unit, encompassing emotional, economic, and social aspects.
South West Nigeria: The southwestern geopolitical region of Nigeria, including states such as Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, and Ondo.
Relationship: The connection or association between two or more variables, often indicating patterns of influence or correlation.
Implications: The effects, consequences, or outcomes resulting from the practice of polygamy and the presence of violence within families.
REFERENCES
- Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2017). Sage handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioural research. Sage Publications.
- Tenkorang, E. Y. (2018). Women’s autonomy and intimate partner violence in Ghana. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 44(2), 51-61.
- United Nations. (2019). Sustainable development goals. [Google Scholar]
- Uthman, O. A., Lawoko, S., Moradi, T., & Dalal, K. (2020). The role of individual, community and societal gender inequality in forming women’s attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women: A multilevel analysis. World Health & Population, 15(2), 26-41.
- Uthman, O. A., Lawoko, S., Moradi, T., & Dalal, K. (2020). The role of individual, community and societal gender inequality in forming women’s attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women: A multilevel analysis. World Health & Population, 15(2), 26-41.
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