TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page .. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. .. i
Certification.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. ii
Approval page … .. . …. … … … … … iii
Dedication.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. … iv
Acknowledgment .. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. . v
Abstract.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. .. .. vi
Table of contents.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. vii-ix
List of figures.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. .. x-xi
List of tables.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. .. xii
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of Study .. .. .. …. .. .. .. 1
1.2 Statement of Problem.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. 2
1.3 Objective of Study.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. 3
1.4 Significance of Study .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3
1.5 Scope of Study.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. 4
1.6 Definition of Terms .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. 6
2.2 Theoretical Background.. .. .. .. …. .. .. 6
2.3 Review of Related Literature.. .. .. .. …. .. 11
CHAPTER THREE
Systems Analyses and Design
3.1 Introduction .. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. 23
3.2 Description of the Existing System.. .. .. .. …. 24
3.3 Analysis of Proposed System .. .. .. .. …. .. 25
3.4 Design of the Proposed System.. .. .. .. …. .. 31
3.5 Database Design.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. 31
viii
CHAPTER FOUR
System Implementation
4.1 Introduction.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. 46
4.2 Choice of Development Environment.. .. .. .. …. 46
4.3 Implementation Architecture.. .. .. .. …. .. 48
4.4 Software Testing.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. 49
4.5 Documentation .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. 49
4.5.1 User Manual.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. 52
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary and Conclusion
5.1 Summary.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. .. 53
5.3 Recommendations.. .. .. .. …. .. .. .. 60
5.2 Conclusion.. .. .. …. .. .. .. .. .. 61
References
Appendix D.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 63
Appendix E .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71
ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Nigeria ranked as the country with the second largest road network in Africa in
2011.It population density which varies in rural and urban areas (approximately
51.1% and 48.3% respectively) translates to a population-road ratio of 860
persons per square kilometres showing intense traffic pressure on the available
road network [1].This pressure contributes to the high road traffic offence
mishap in the country. In Nigeria, road transport is the most commonly used by
the majority of citizen, as the easiest option in moving goods and travellers.
Despite the important role played by road transport, the sector has encountered
a number of challenges emanating from poor road traffic offences information
management, resulting to incessant road accidents. Road accidents, resulting
from careless driving, over-speeding and other road traffic offences have
resulted to numerous consequences including deaths, injuries, disabilities and
loss of properties, all of which accelerate to poverty in the country. The death of
the most productive member exerts a devastating impact to the families, pushing
many into poverty with long lasting effect to their children and their community
at large [2]. The poor road offence information management situation in Nigeria
has reached such an alarming proportion even to the point of sheer frustration
and near helplessness. While many developing and developed countries have
made concerted efforts to reduce road traffic offence through the adoption of
improved management information technology, Nigeria seems to be lagging
behind.
Global trends in road transportation have shown that efficient and safe
transportation management models are becoming highly dependent on
Information and Communications Technologies[3].There is need for
2
technological interventions in reducing road offences and its consequences, road
accidents. Road safety is a global concern not only for public health and injury
prevention but also to improve efficiency in road traffic management[3].ICTs’
adoption in road traffic offence information management operations will help to
achieve the ambition of drastic reduction in road traffic offences and road
accidents prevalent in Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The way and manner motorists use the roads leave much to be desired. Vehicle
drivers take delight in driving on wrong lanes and even abuse the right of way
rules, thereby creating conflict in the use of traffic, course delay and sometimes
accident. This has lead to enormous road traffic offence on our roads
particularly in the cities. This is attributable to poor road traffic offence
management. Improved computerized Management Information Systems is the
fundamental and the bedrock for increase in Information Technology (IT).
Because of the importance of the improved information technology (IT),
measures are taken to evolve all sectors of the economy into improved
Information Technology compliant. The road traffic offence information sector
should not be left out, because an increase in the use of improved information
management technology has greater advantages, where process of collecting,
processing, storage, retrieval and dissemination of road traffic offence
information for the purposes of planning, controlling, coordinating and decision
making are not in tone with times. The existing system of road traffic offence
gives no room for pictorial identification of offenders. Hence wrong person
could be accused. The system is decentralized making road traffic offence
information manipulation and accessibility of the database difficult. Also the
system has no room for pictorial diagram display of the offence committed, as
well as the penalty of offence as an evidence to facilitate prosecution. Hence the
offender often sees himself as being compelled to accept responsibility.
3
1.3 Objective of Study
As Nigerian road safety agency, FRSC management embraces the use of
computers and information technologies in transport infrastructure. As the
development and implementation of improved technological systems continue,
it is believed that intelligent transport system will provide an increase in
capacity, management and productivity of traditional transport infrastructure as
well as contribution to achieving of other goals such as improved management
in road traffic offence.
This study seeks to design a system that can achieve the following objectives:
· Centralised road traffic offence information databanks where road traffic
offence information can be easily accessed by all authorised user.
· Reduce error in offenders’ identification, as lots offenders escape offence
due to wrong identification (pictorial identification) during and after
documentation which makes prosecution of offenders’ difficulty.
· Displays a pictorial sketch or diagram of an offence committed as clear
evidence to offenders’ crime. This can also be tendered in court during
prosecution.
1.4 Significance of Study
Road traffic Information Management System provides road traffic information
that is needed to manage road traffic organizations efficiently and effectively.
Road traffic information management and the information it generates are
generally considered essential components of prudent and reasonable business
decisions. With the growth in information technology, the study offers
numerous benefits to the Federal Road Safety Commission and other
organisations that deal with road traffic offence information management. There
are many reasons why a research on the road traffic offence information
management system should be made at this time. The chief reasons being that:
4
· Road traffic offence information management system uses integrated
database-stores all road traffic offence information in a single database.
This enhances fast, timely and secured accessibility and sharing of road
traffic offence reports for the agency’s decision making
· Identifying road traffic offenders with their pictorial images will aid the
agency in authentic documentation and avoid prosecuting wrong persons.
· Often times, Offenders deny ever committing a crime they are
apprehended for due to absence of diagram sketch/pictorial display
showing the crime committed. Displaying offender crime for the offender
to see enhance the agency’s credibility and makes FRSC road traffic
information reports reliable.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The study shall concentrate on importance of information and communication
technology to road traffic safety management discussions as well as research
works on attempts to improve on road safety management will be reviewed. It
shall examine the state of FRSC and then propose a system to arrest the
identified lapses militating against road traffic offence information management
in Nigeria.
1.6 Definition of terms
Terms are contextual. Words have the tendency to derive their meanings within
the context of their use. This section of the chapter is devoted to the definition
of road traffic computer terms used in this dissertation. This is important
because road traffic information management terms are defined differently by
different researchers, so specific definition of the terms as they apply to this
study is therefore necessary to enable the readers to fully understand the
meaning of the study and its proper significance.
5
Road Traffic Offence
This phrase refers to any act that causes or liable to cause violation of road
traffic rules and regulations. Road traffic offence is an action taken or action not
taken that violates road safety rules and regulation. For instance not reporting a
road traffic accident is a road traffic offence.
Information Technology
This term also called information system refers to a set of interrelated
components that work together to collect, retrieve, process, store and
disseminate information for the purpose of facilitating planning, control, coordinating
and decision making. It usually includes hardware, software, people,
communication systems, and data [4].
Information and Communication Technology
This refers to the fusion of Telecommunications, Electronics and Computer
Information Systems used to retrieve, analyze, store, process, transmit, secure
and intelligently interpret digital data either in storage or in transit [5]
Intelligent Transport Systems
This refers to wide area of information based on wireless technology combined
into infrastructure of transport system and the vehicle itself, these systems help
in controlling and managing of traffic flows, reducing of traffic, finding
alternative routes, saving of the environment as well as saving time [6].
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