Topic: Effect Of Workplace Environment On Employees’ Performance
ABSTRACT
Working in a conducive and friendly work environment ensures workers’ dedication and commitment, when workers begin to see their workplace as their second home, it creates an un-matchable synergy among the workplace. Therefore, the essence of carrying out this study is to examine the impact of work environment on employees’ productivity using Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara, Ogun state as case study. The main objective of the study is to examine if the nature of work environment can positively affect employees’ productivity.
The study adopted a survey research design for it methodology, and it employs the stratification sampling method to select one hundred and twenty-five (125) samples out of a population size of three hundred (300) employees of Nestle Nigeria Plc., Agbara, Ogun state. Relevant data were gathered for the study through the use of questionnaire constructed by the researcher to measure the effect of work environment on employees’ productivity in the organization under study. A descriptive analysis of the data was done and the formulated hypotheses were tested at 5% level of significance using chi-square test.
The hypotheses are thus; the nature of work environment has no positive effect on employees’ productivity in Nestle Nigeria Plc.; conducive environment has no positive effect on employees’ performance in Nestle Nigeria Plc.; good working environment does not increase employees’ morale in Nestle Nigeria Plc.
The result of the analysis indicates that the nature of workplace environment positively affect the employees’ productivity in Nestle Nigeria Plc., where the X2cal = 22.19 which is greater than the X2tab = 9.488; also the result revealed that conducive environment has positive effect on employees’ performance in Nestle Nigeria Plc., where the X2cal = 32.1 which is greater than the X2tab = 9.488; it was also revealed that good work environment increases employees’ morale in Nestle Nigeria Plc., where the X2cal = 34.28 which is greater than the X2tab = 9.488. The study therefore recommends that organizations should endeavor to keep the workplace environment safe and hazard free and also consider other factors associated with workers’ safety and health. It also recommends that organizations must initiate continuous training programs for line managers on how to develop a conducive working environment in the organization..
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
This section of the study is the introductory part of the chapter one. Under this chapter sub-sections such as; background to the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope of the study, limitations of the study and definition of terms will be discussed.
1.1 Background to the Study
Human effort in organization is indispensable. It constitutes a complex phenomenon to managers of such organization to comprehend. Accordingly, it is believed that every behaviour is a goal directed. Thus, for an organization or individual to engage in any productive venture, it must have underlying fundamental factors including the individual in that direction. Hence the effect of work environment in achieving set target for the organization must be in adequate condition.
Therefore, the nature of office concerned with these things that influence workers productivity, which constitute the ‘why’ of people behaviour? Why do people do things? What are these increases in work productivity? These questions can be answered with the understanding of the nature of work environment and how these affect productivity. However, the organizational target can only be achieved if the environment is conducive. Work environment consists of the office buildings, its furniture and layout as well as the physical conditions under which workers operate. It is also concerned with the external factors to the business which the office serves, the industry or other activities within which the business lies, the custom and laws of the community within which they operates.
These environmental factors are always changing and the office must react to the changes, but how does the customs and laws reduce workers morale? This question can be answered after investigation. Office and work environment are dynamic, but the most dynamic factors in the office is human factor. Workers today are more educated than before. They are more likely to raise questions about their environment of work since management itself dynamic profession. It adhered and addresses itself to the provision of good environment of work for workers productivity. But what are those increases that enhance productivity? Therefore, answer will be made after investigations. However, poor work environment and bad conditions have posed a great danger to workers health and therefore make them to work with less joy and enthusiasm and work progress is hampered and disrupted. An understanding of the effect of work environment on the productivity of employees cannot be over-emphasized or seen as overstatement in every organization. Experience has shown that workers are directly influenced by the environment they find themselves where their competence will achieve nothing in terms of productivity if the environment is not conducive.
This is in line saying in respect of workers in public enterprises today and issues of unproductive nature of workers compounded with the poor nature of the environment. Therefore, because of the adverse effect of work environment on morale of employees, the need for provision of good physical work environment for workers was stated by Mill (1930) after the First World War. During this period, various managements were concerned with the importance of maintaining loyalty and morale through the elimination of pollutants such as temperature, noise and pollution from their environment. This was later spread out to include a wider area of disturbing influences like feeling of insecurity in relation to employment, unfairness on the part of supervision and not being accepted by one’s fellow employees. According to Mills (1983), the need for standard of working condition received legal backing by 1963 law and Act of parliament which made it mandatory for all business organization to provide them minimum standard of interest that will enhance the performance of employees as an objective.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Every organization is set up for a purpose and such purpose which is generally referred to as objective and this cannot be achieved if the environment looks unhealthy. The absence of important work material as a result of non-availability of some necessary office facilities like air condition, rug, good ventilation in some of the department in the company is a common feature. Some office or department looks depressing and un-stimulating. Some of them have no louvers, light, and some with uncompleted roofs. The state of affairs do not compete favourably with other office outside, some office with dirty and scattered environment, most of the department has small floor space with materials tables, chairs, papers, files and other things scattered here and there. Some office were furnished without due regard to the relationship between colour selection and workers morale. Some of these facilities has colour which makes the office to be dark; in some of the department’s work service are wrongly arranged. It is known from workers view point that the work of accounting, typing, etc needs good quality of light because of visual discrimination involved. As a result of non-availability of good work environment, the performance of employees is in a declining state. most department manager in the company pay no attention in accomplishing the departmental set objectives, as to be recognized and promoted at the expense of workers or employees welfare. These acts of negligence by the managers have gone a long way to reduce workers performance or morale. The state of affairs in the company has resulted to negative attitude by the employees which is inimical to the progress and accomplishment of the company’s set objective.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to investigate and identify the effect of work environment on employees’ performance in Nestle Nigerial Plc. The specific objectives are as follows;
1.4 Research Questions
In this study, the following questions will be critically examined in order to provide solution to the research problem;
- Does inadequacy of the various conditional factors affects productivity of employee?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Ho1: The nature of work environment has no positive effect on workers’ productivity in Nestle Nigeria Plc
1.6 Scope of the Study
This research work centers on the employees in Nestle Nigeria Plc to investigate the efficacies of work environment on employees’ performance. The research work tends to ascertain the effect of work environment on the productivity of workers and will focus little on the administrative areas but focus more on the casual workers (workers at the loading-bay, warehouse, workshop, and the factory floor).
1.7 Significance of the Study
Many people in an organization try to attain a higher level of safety or job security in their place of work. And this study when completed should be of immense help to different organization and individual. It will help to highlight the effect of work environment on the productivity of employees in Nestle Nigeria Plc, so that the management will look into the problems with a view to improving on its working environment.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
A general setback to most research works and including this study are: Financial constraints, time constraint and limited access to information hindered the researcher to carry out the research deeply but effort was made to ensure the objective of this research was achieved.
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms
Efficiency: it simply means the extent to which time is well used for the intended task.
Environment: the surroundings in which a person, animals or plant lives.
Job Security: this is the possibility that an individual will keep his or her job.
Morale: is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose.
Productivity: is a measure of the efficiency of production i.e the measure of the rate at which products are being produced.
Prospective: means an event that is likely or expected to happen in the future.
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