ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate how parents educational backgrounds affect children’s career development in Lagos State. Three research questions that the researcher formulated served as the foundation for the study’s execution. The researcher then employed a questionnaire that was equally distributed across five (5) secondary schools in Lagos State’s Mainland Local Government Area to gather the opinions of diverse respondents. The data was properly tabulated and analyzed using the simple percentage method of data analysis, and it was ultimately determined that parents really do have a specific role to play in the career development of the child because the role of parents would fluctuate depending on the child’s choice to accept or reject assistance. The parents only need to act as the child’s career counselor in this regard.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background To The Study
In this time of high unemployment, picking the right career will open up work prospects for young teenagers in the future. Because educational planners are now aware of the risks and frustrations experienced by certain adolescents who make the wrong profession choice, job preference of the young adolescent has gained attention. (2008) Alika and Egbochukwu. The choice of a vocation is one of many crucial decisions students will make while selecting their future plans, claims Agboola (2013). They may be impacted by this choice for the rest of their life. What the student aspires to accomplish with his or her life’s work will be central to who the student is.
People make profession-related decisions during the adolescent stage, which may have an effect and implications for the person’s future employment, psychological wellbeing, and even health. The abilities required to make wise employment decisions are crucial to the adolescent’s psychological development. While some teenagers can do this with ease, others could struggle to make the right decisions. (1995; Scott, Repucci, and Woodlard).
A career is a chosen activity, a life of work, or professional success that a person pursues throughout their lives. In other words, a person’s career is the sum of the job they complete during their lifetime. (Ipaye, 2000). The importance of a person’s career in their life cannot be overstated. It not only affects their pattern of income, but also their personality and outlook on life. A career is a person’s progression through their several occupations. While some people work at the same job throughout their lives, others could have a variety of jobs throughout their lives. (2008) (Egbochuku). The whole of life experiences, such as paid or unpaid job, community, volunteer, and family activities, could also be referred to as a career. In 2004, Kinanee. So, it is possible to consider career as a result of career preference. A person’s preferred career can be described as the aspect or sorts of work that they are more likely to be interested in and succeed at; this can be any type of job that they enjoy doing. For instance, some people might prefer to work for themselves rather than for someone else. According to Egbochuku (2008), a person’s preferred occupation is a reflection of their personality. In the sense that one’s preferred occupation greatly affects how they spend their free time, who they choose as friends, what attitudes and beliefs they embrace, where they live, and how their families are structured.
According to the seventh edition of the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, a career is the time in a person’s life that they spend working or doing a certain activity, whereas development is the progressive evolution of something such that it gets more advanced, stronger, etc. One might quickly draw the conclusion that career development is the change, growth, or improvement through time in a job that a person spends the most of his or her life working at based on the definitions of both careers and development. It is crucial for the child’s personality or point of interest to align with the selected vocation in order for the career development process to be effective, according to Holland (1959). How closely a person’s interests align with their job aspirations is congruence, the most frequently researched topic in career development. According to Holland’s thesis, congruence is the relationship between a person’s personality—specifically, their amount of interest in realistic, investigative, social, traditional, business-minded, or artistic realms—and their professional objectives. Holland continued by stating that when a person’s personality matches their occupational aim, there is little to no that can be done to influence their career decision, and if this is not the case, it may result in a lack of commitment in the performance of career duties.
The parent is yet another element that can support a child’s effective career development process. The career development of children is largely influenced by their parents, but most parents lack the knowledge necessary to be of assistance. Parents must understand how to use resources related to careers, how to support their children’s discovery, how to encourage the development of their interests and skills, and how to combat the prejudices that their kids face.
De Piddeo (1990) draws attention to the fact that parents’ lack of education can impede their children’s job choice. It is less probable for a child to attend college or achieve professional or vocational goals if their parents have low levels of education and money, which in effect predetermines the child’s likely career choice. Another element of a student’s familial background that affects profession choice is family income. According to Mortimer et al. (1992), one reason for this may be that families with low financial resources have a tendency to prioritize elder siblings, giving the younger children in the family less hope and encouragement. Therefore, it makes sense that students’ self-efficacy in terms of job options is correlated with the financial support they can anticipate from their parents. Parents’ spiritual and physical well-being have also been linked to career choice. Parents who love Jesus and desire the best for their children would encourage their children to seek a career that will offer them joy in the future.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
It has been observed that many parents from all social classes develop the practice of choosing a career for their children, and upon close examination, it was found that the level of performance, dedication, and seriousness to work of some of those individuals who had their career chosen by their parents degrades by the day and as a result ends up in a depressing state. If not adequately addressed, the issue of choosing the wrong job may result in a loss of life satisfaction, the failure to meet one’s own future goals, and occasionally, career underachievement. In light of this context, the researcher wants to look at how parents’ educational backgrounds affect their children’s job growth.
While we may place the blame on governments, teachers, and kids, the family that students come from leaves much to be desired. As a result, the standard of education in Nigeria today is steadily declining, which has led to numerous discussions among scholars, civil servants, educational planners, etc. about what the immediate and distant causes of the failure and the factors hindering high standard of education are. It’s critical to remember that while discussing a student’s secondary school career decision, we cannot absolve the home from which the youngster originated. Based on parents’ socioeconomic situation, educational attainment, love of Jesus, family size, and temperament, family background characteristics have been proven to affect students’ job choices.
1.3 Object Of The Study
The purpose of this study is to examine in details the Impact of parental educational background on students career development in Lagos state. This study will also help parents to understand how to help the child create many opportunities for experimentation and how to help the child to tear down artificial limits or barriers to career development. specifically, the study aims;
- To ascertain the degree in which socio-economic status of parents influence the career development of students in secondary school.
- To examine the relationship between the level of education of parents and the career choice of students in secondary schools
- To determine if the size of a family have any influence on the career development of secondary school students.
- To examine the relationship between living condition at family and ccareer development of students.
- To find out if the ability and temperament of parents affect the career development of students.
1.4 Research Questions
In order to guide this study, the following research questions will be considered.
- To what degree does the socio-economic status of parents influence the career development of students in secondary school?
- Is there any relationship between the level of education of parents and the career development of students in secondary schools?
- Does the size of a family have any influence on the career development of secondary school students?
- Is there any relationship between living condition at family and career development of students?
- To what extent does the ability and temperament of parents affect the career development of students?
1.5 Hypothesis of the study
The following hypothesis was formulated and tested by the study
Ho: There is no significant relationship between the level of education of parents and the career development of students in secondary schools
H1: There is a significant relationship between the level of education of parents and the career development of students in secondary schools
1.6 Significance Of The Study
When certain conditions are met or brought under control, students perform better in school. Some of these conditions include making sure the child is fed well at home, gets enough sleep, completes his or her family’s chores, has both teachers and parents check their work, has access to school supplies, receives enough parental support, and is given useful information to help future generations make career decisions. The students will help parents understand their children’s behavior and needs in light of the aforementioned information. The goal of the study is to identify the elements that either restrict or facilitate secondary school students’ decision.
1.7 Scope Of The Study
The scope of this study covered selected secondary schools in Imainland Local Government Area and it examines how the relationship between parents and children, the psychology of the parents and the educational background of the parents determines the role they play in their child’s career development process.
1.8 Limitation Of The Study
This study will experience some constraints in the areas of finance, time, and other logistics needed for the completion of the study.
1.9 Definition Of Terms
Career: An occupation or profession, especially one requiring special training, followed as one’s life work.
Career Preference: Career preference is the career field which one prefers or it is a job an individual shows more interest in.
Educational attainment of parents: That refers to the qualification of the parent of an individuals.
Occupational Status: this refers the position of the parent in terms of occupation such as civil servant and so on.
1.10 Organization Of The Studies
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter (chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
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