Prevalence Of Cancer And Prevention Through Awareness Programmes Among Women In Anambra State

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of content

 

CHAPETR ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION 

1.1        Background of the study

1.2        Statement of problem

1.3        Objective of the study

1.4        Research Hypotheses

1.5        Significance of the study

1.6        Scope and limitation of the study

1.7       Definition of terms

1.8       Organization of the study

 

 

CHAPETR TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW

 

CHAPETR THREE

3.0        Research methodology

3.1    sources of data collection

3.3        Population of the study

3.4        Sampling and sampling distribution

3.5        Validation of research instrument

3.6        Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introductions

4.2 Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

Appendix

 

 

 

 

 Abstract

This study is on prevalence of cancer and prevention through awareness programmes among women in Anambra state. The total population for the study is 200 staff of teaching hospital awka south local government, Anambra state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made doctors, nurses, lab technicians and junior staffs were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study

Breast cancer is the prevalance of all forms of cancer and one of the major threats to health especially among women . Report on the incidence of breast cancer reveals that one out of every eight women in the world stand a chance of having the disease in her life time. Although the incidence of breast cancer is increasing all over the world, the rate of increase is higher in developing countries where late detection of disease is common. Breast cancer is already a well-known health problem in Nigeria with about 1 death in every 25 reported cases. A major worry about breast cancer in Nigeria is the continuous rise in the number of cases and deaths, a situation which confirms Lakeshore Cancer Center prediction that breast cancer cases may rise to 42 million by 2020 in both males and females in the country

The primary reason for this increasing mortality rate is due to lack of early detection of disease. This factor is invariably a direct consequence of lack of breast cancer awareness observed in most developing countries. Knowledge about breast cancer is a fundamental element necessary for the early detection, prevention and treatment of this condition. Knowledge for this study was considered as the possession of accurate understanding of breast cancer, its symptoms, risk factors, prevention, treatment options and centers. Adequate knowledge of breast cancer will equip women with the ability to observe and identify symptoms before the disease starts to spread and seek medical assistance early; while knowledge of causes and risk factors of cancer will help in the prevention of this disease by equipping to adopt preventive measures and appropriate lifestyle modification.

Breast cancer is essentially preventable. Early detection which remains the surest mean of breast cancer prevention can be achieved through Breast Self-Examination (BSE), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) and Mammography. The frequency of examination is recommended based on age of women and the type of examination being recommended [8]. Again, several treatment options abound including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy which women need to know to make informed choices. The women also need to know where they can access quality cancer care, which include diagnosis, surveillance and advanced treatment options. A comprehensive knowledge of all these components is important for women since it is the first step to preventing the disease and more so, since the disease is obviously of unknown cause, with non-specific treatment and poor prognosis. Nonetheless, some factors are known to influence breast cancer knowledge among women. These factors include, age, education and location. Studies have shown that knowledge significantly correlated with level of education. It was observed that women who are educated were more likely to possess satisfactory breast cancer knowledge. Similarly, the disease was found to be more common among women in the urban communities than rural. Although breast cancer occurs frequently among older women, younger women tend to have more knowledge of the disease than the elderly

• STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

Statistics indicate rising global incidence of breast cancer and the increase is occurring at a faster rate in developing countries that hitherto enjoyed low incidence of the disease. In Nigeria like in most other developing countries, breast cancer cases are characterized by late presentation of patients at advanced stages of the disease when little or no benefit can be derived from any form of therapy. This trend is quite worrisome and constitutes the stimulus for carrying out this study in Anambra State Nigeria

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are;

1. To ascertain whether breast cancer is the prevalence ones in Anambra state
2. To find out the prevention of breast cancer among women through awareness programme in Anambra state
3. To find the causes of breast cancer in Anambra state
   • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;

H₀: there is no prevention of breast cancer among women through awareness programme in Anambra state.

H₁: there is prevention of breast cancer among women through awareness programme in Anambra state.

H₀²: breast cancer is not the prevalence ones in Anambra state

H₂: breast cancer is the prevalence ones in Anambra state

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will give a clear insight on the prevalence of cancer and prevention through awareness programmes among women in Anambra state. The study will be very significant to students, ministry of health and women. The study will also help as a reference to other researcher that will embark on the related topic

• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers prevalence of cancer and prevention through awareness programmes among women in Anambra state.  The researcher encounters some constraints which limit the scope of the study namely:

AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study

TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

CANCER: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread

PREVENTION: Preventive healthcare consists of measures taken for disease prevention. Disease and disability are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices and are dynamic processes which begin before individuals realize they are affected.

PREVALANCE: Prevalence in epidemiology is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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