The role of television in the promotion of Nigeria premier league
ABSTRACT
Television is one of the medium of communication that uses sounds, images and motion to describe an event or a phenomenon rather than sounds which give the explanation. Aside the audio and visual aspect, TV has the ability to reach the national audiences virtually instantaneously as it provides communication with current event around the world. Television and league are intertwined because they rely on each other for survival. Televisions rely on sport to feel their product while league uses Television to promote success and attract sponsorship. The role of Television to Nigeria football league is inevitable. Aside the fact that it entertains the audiences and free them from boredom. Television reduces the stress of football viewers from travelling to different states and sport location to watch football match also. TV increase the standard football league in the country as it encourages the spirit of healthy competition.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0Â Â Â Â Â INTRODUCTION
This chapter x-rays the history of the Nigerian Television and also gives a brief explanation of broadcasting and it also explains the concept “Television” itself.
Broadcasting is the dissemination of information ideas, attitudes and opinions through the use of airwaves. In its strict sense, it is the type of communication where there is no physical link between the point of origin of the message and its point of reception. Broadcasting can also be seen as the transmission of messages through electromagnetic waves to a large audience either orally or visually or both. The media is either radio or television.
Television is a powerful mass mobilization medium. As Nwanze (2003:6) observes “as a result of its ability to transmit sound, vision and motion simultaneously. Television is a powerful mass mobilization medium.
Television is a means of broadcasting, broadcast television systems are encoding or formatting standards for the transmission and reception of terrestrial television signals. There are three main analog television systems in current use around the world: NTSC, PAL, and SECAM these system have several components including a set of technical parameters for the broadcasting signals, an encoder system for encoding multichemical television sound (MTS). In digital television (DTV) all of these element are combined in a single digital transmission system (Adeyeri, 2012).
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1.1Â Â Â Â Â HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
The Nigerian media has undertaken a journey of one and half centuries. Born on 1859, the nations media is 155years old on 2014 the journey has been filled with sadness and joy, trouble and triumph but one thing is incontrovertible. The Nigerian press, nay, media has been on the fore front on the country’s independence and subsequent nation building. It is appropriate to explain from the beginning that for convenience and relevance, history of television in Nigeria will be discussed (Akpuru-Aja, 2007).
HISTORY OF TELEVISION IN NIGERIA
Television broadcasting came to Nigeria through the regional government of Western Nigeria with the establishment of the Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) on the 31st of October 1959. The evolution of television in Nigeria followed a similar pattern as that of radio. The irony here is that while it was the federal government that started the first radio broadcasting station in the country. It was a regional government that first ventured into television broadcasting in October, 1959 then Western region sent out the first television signals in the whole of Nigeria and Africa. The principal aim of establishing the Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) as was claimed by the proponents was to serve as surrogate teacher in improving the regional school systems that were handicapped by ill-qualified teachers or a shortage of them in certain subjects areas (Bednaf, 2014).
The eastern regional government followed by establishing it’s own station on October 1, 1960, the day Nigeria gained political independent from Britain. The aim was also for formal and non-formal education but sooner or later, the aims were abandoned and the station just like that of the west became fully commercial. The Northern Regional Government established it’s own station and it came on air in April, 1962 as Radio-Television Kaduna (RTV Kaduna) (Cairns et al, 2003).
Television stations were established in Nigeria with the ostensible reason of providing adequate service in education and social and economic development. However, it was soon realized that they had gone commercial and depended heavily on foreign programmes.
The establishment and running or managing television stations remained in the hand of federal and state governments until degree No38 of 1992 that deregulated broadcasting media and established the national broadcasting commission. This paved the way for private ownership of the electronic media of radio and television stations especially in the southern parts of the country.
Unarguably, the first television in Africa the WNTV was three years old when the federal government established it’s own television in 1962, in 1976, However, the military government of Muritala / Obasanjo had acquired all state owned television stations and brought them under a network known as Nigeria Television Authority (NTA) with a directive that “NTA” should elaborate, analyze and package government development programme believing that the NTA network would fulfill national need
rather than partisan or sectional interest to foster unity and success in general education.
However, the diverse nature of political interest which features on the second democratic republic (1979-1983) could not sustain the vision of non-partisanship or non-sectional interest as conjectured by the immediate pest military administration. Hence, the need and rush by the states to establish again their own television stations. Incidentally, the nation’s constitution had provided that only federal and state government can own / establish broadcast media. As more state were subsequently created more television station were established. It wasn’t until 1992, when the broadcast media landscape televisions. Now there are many of them.
1.2Â Â Â Â Â THE NATURE OF TELEVISION
The evolution of the media is not the most existing thing. It figures out how to paint on caves sharing information about the animals, it encountered and how it killed them. This was the first bulletin board. It figured out how to make these amongst mobile Hammurabi had the law etched unto columns that were distributed around his empire. Since we figured out ink earlier, it took a bit longer, but came up with various form of paper to go with it. Once ink and paper was gotten, the next big thing was printing press. Folks from Eurocentric culture known Gutemburg as the creator. Once it is achieved, we had everything pretty in hand until the telegraph allowed us to transmit information electronically. Marconi is created with making it wireless,
although some people criticize it to be bullshit. The wireless paved the way for radio; Radio gained posture to become television then the internet blew every thing up.
Each media has its own strengths and weaknesses. Some are more local, other are more intimate. The strength of television was the simple ability to show you what was happening instead of just describing it.
To define is to kill, then to explain a phenomenon is equal to pouring ones opinion about it. What this mean is that no definition of a phenomenon is capable of saying all about it. That is ones definition of a phenomenon as a product of ones cognitive capability and experience. However, television is defined as a telecommunication medium that is used for transmitting and receiving, moving images and sound or we say that it is a system for converting usual images (with sound) into electrical signals transmitting them by radio or other means and displaying them electronically on a screen.
STRENGHTS OF TV
- Demonstration ability by combining sight, sound and motion.
- Ability to reach large national audiences virtually instantaneously.
- Prestige media which is important in obtaining grocer distribution and
f merchandising support.
WEAKNESS OF TELEVISION
- Time shifting
- Expensive
- Wasted coverage
1.3Â Â Â Â Â Â THE FUNCTION OF TELEVISION
Television known as the best media way function as the following;
- It provides sounds and image regarding certain events and as such, people are
able to get information on various matters of concern. - It also provides entertainment to many for example through movies and music.
- Television provides information to the masses at a reasonable price.
- It serves as distraction from the harsh reality of life for many.
- It’s major function is to provide communication with current event around the
- Television is also used for advertisement and marketing.
- Television serve as means of educating the viewer, educational television
programs can offer people fresh knowledge that is often hard to find in books.
1.4Â Â Â Â THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION IN THE SOCIETY
In the fifty years since television became common place for western civilization, this one piece of technology has had incredible impact on society and basically revolutionized the way people see themselves and the world around them. The debate as to whether the impact is positive or negative has been taking place since the inception of the TV on the late 19405s. Televisions potential to correct, educate and
inform the public is often over shadowed by the lack of individual responsibility in using this modern day miracle, therefore causing its impact on the society to be viewed as negative.
According to a 1948 article from TIME magazine, the future of television was very bright and created quite a stir across the united states (the infant grows up) “Televisions future is as expensive as human mind can comprehend “said Jack R. people, President of television broadcasters Association. AC further predicted that television “holds the key to enlightenment, which may unlock the door to world understanding. “However, from the very beginning, television met mixed review. In another time magazine article Boston university president Dr Darnel L. Marsh predicted if the (television) craze contains with the present level of the programs, we are destined to have a nation of morons (morons and happy families).
It did not take long for the television industry to branch out and take full advantage of this technology’s potential. With the advancement in programming and increased financial support, the world and it is market places were brought into the living rooms of viewers with this society became exposed to commercial marketing, situation comedies and drama, sporting events,, music and theatre, game and talk shows and world news. In short, people were (and are) connected to a world beyond their immediate community. Therefore, television has been a catalyst in creating the global society experienced today.
Television provides viewers access to arts, music, religion, new technology and information. Such technology is a venue for inspiration and enrichment and it also allows the viewer to become engaged in issues that have personal and societal implications. Viewers have been able to witness everything from presidential debates to man walking in the moon to wars being fought right in front of them. They have discovered ways to renovate their homes. Look like a runway model and give their hearts to Jesus all in one afternoon. The potential for individual societal transformation is incredible as a big chunk of life is captivated by the TV.
In fact, one fundamental impact that television has had on society is how people spend the time. Research by Dr. Norman Herr with California State University, Northridge, indicates that according to surveys by the AC Nielson Co, the average American watches more than 4hours of TV each day or 28hours/week or two months of nonstop TV watching per year (Norman Herr).
That amounts to approximately nine years of watching television on 65years life. In a personal interview, 75 year old Incille lofty recalled that her family’s lifestyle radically changed after purchasing their first TV set in 1952. “Our family especially, my daddy become consumed with the TV as soon as we brought it” She said, explaining that it took the place of conversation reading and many other interests that they shared as a family (lofty). The newness of television technology never really wore off as she tells how her father (for the rest of his life) turned on the TV as soon as he
got up in the morning, kept it on all day and made sure he could see it from where he ate at the kitchen table (lofty).
In the early years of TV viewing programming was extremely limited and for quite some time, there were only four hours of airtime each day (the infant grow up) in contrast, viewers today have access to hundreds of channels and 24 hours of TV viewing time. This particularly impacting the consumption of time in relation to family life.
While television enlightens viewers to the plight of starving children in thord world countries, it is also credited for impacting the advancing obesity rates in children in western society. According to Herr’s research 1995 survey released by the National Health and Nutrition examination indicated that the use of television is directly linked to the ever-increasing number of overweight children in the United State (Norman Heir) in consideration of the television marketing plays and the excessive hours children and adults spend in front of the “tube” television has directly and indirectly impact on society’s future quality of life and the rising health care cost that are attributed to the treatment of chronic diseases related to obesity today (services). However, television also offer many programs based of nutrition, exercise and the prevention of chronic disease thereby supporting the idea that is the viewers responsibility to choose appropriate programming for children and adult.
Edward R. Murrow says that this instrument can teach, it can illuminate, yes and it can even inspire. But it can do so only to the extent that humans are determined to use it to those ends, otherwise it is nothing but wores and light in a box.
(Murrow) given the fact that more than nine years of average persons life is spent with the TV, his insightful comment acknowledges the overwhelming potential for television technology to positively impact society if appropriately used. At the same time, in light of how people have become consumed by and completely subjected to the influence of television marsh’s predictions give greater persuasion to the conclusion that television has had effect on society.
Edward R. Murrow says that this instrument can teach, it can illuminate, yes and it can even inspire. But it can do so only to the extent that humans are determined to use it to those ends, otherwise it is nothing but wores and light in a box.
(Murrow) given the fact that more than nine years of average persons life is spent with the TV, his insightful comment acknowledges the overwhelming potential for television technology to positively impact society if appropriately used. At the same time, in light of how people have become consumed by and completely subjected to the influence of television marsh’s predictions give greater persuasion to the conclusion that television has had effect on society.
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