Suicidal Behaviour and Associated Factors Among Students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana
Abstract
This study utilized a quantitative survey research design to examine suicidal behaviour and associated factors among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from a sample of 120 respondents. The collected data were presented and analyzed using SPSS26, with hypotheses being tested using t-tests. The main findings of the study revealed that there is a significant prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students at the institution. The analysis of the data indicated that factors such as academic stress, relationship issues, and financial difficulties were significantly associated with suicidal behaviour. However, other factors such as social isolation and mental health issues did not show a significant association. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that suicidal behaviour is a concern among students at Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions and support services that address the identified risk factors. Additionally, the findings emphasize the importance of improving mental health support services on campus and increasing awareness and utilization among students. In light of the study’s findings, several recommendations can be made. First, it is recommended to develop and implement comprehensive mental health programs that address the identified risk factors and promote mental well-being among students. This may include stress management workshops, counselling services, and awareness campaigns. Second, there is a need for further research to explore the specific experiences and challenges faced by students concerning suicidal behaviour, taking into account cultural and contextual factors. Third, collaboration between academic staff, administrators, and mental health professionals is crucial to establish a supportive environment that fosters mental health and well-being. Fourth, ongoing monitoring and evaluation of mental health initiatives should be conducted to assess their effectiveness and make necessary adjustments. Finally, it is important to reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues and promote a culture of open communication and support within the institution. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal behaviour among students at Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. The findings contribute to the existing knowledge in the field and have implications for the development of targeted interventions, support services, and policies aimed at preventing and addressing suicidal behaviour among students.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Suicidal behaviour is a critical public health issue that continues to pose a significant challenge worldwide, particularly among young individuals (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). Suicide is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors, including psychological, social, and environmental determinants (Hawton et al., 2021). These factors interact in intricate ways, contributing to an individual’s vulnerability to suicidal thoughts and behaviours. It is crucial to recognize that suicidal behaviour is not solely an individual problem but also a reflection of broader societal issues and systemic factors (Ribeiro et al., 2021).
In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in the rates of suicide and suicidal ideation among students, highlighting the urgent need to address this issue within educational settings (Auerbach et al., 2019). Academic institutions serve as crucial environments where young individuals spend a significant portion of their lives. The unique pressures and stressors faced by students, including academic demands, social challenges, and transitional periods, can contribute to their susceptibility to suicidal thoughts and behaviours (Kwok et al., 2020).
Numerous studies have documented the concerning prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students. For instance, a systematic review by Mortier et al. (2020) found that the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among college students ranged from 10% to 20%, while suicidal attempts ranged from 1% to 10%. These rates indicate the gravity of the issue and emphasize the need for targeted interventions and support systems within educational settings. Addressing suicidal behaviour among students requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses prevention, early intervention, and comprehensive mental health support (Wilcox et al., 2019).
Educational institutions play a crucial role in promoting mental health and well-being among students. They can implement policies and programs aimed at reducing risk factors, fostering protective factors, and promoting help-seeking behaviours (Cleary et al., 2022). Prevention efforts may include awareness campaigns, mental health education, training for staff and faculty, and accessible counselling services. Creating a supportive and inclusive environment that addresses the specific needs and challenges faced by students is vital for preventing and addressing suicidal behaviour (Drum et al., 2020).
Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has further heightened concerns about mental health and the potential impact on suicidal behaviour among students. The pandemic has disrupted academic routines, social interactions, and access to support systems, exacerbating stress and emotional distress (Salari et al., 2020). Studies have reported an increase in mental health issues, including depression and anxiety, among students during the pandemic (Son et al., 2021). It is essential to consider the unique challenges posed by the pandemic and develop tailored strategies to support students’ mental health needs.
Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, located in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, is a higher education institution that serves as an important educational hub for students pursuing technical and vocational courses (Okorie et al., 2022). Like many academic institutions, it faces unique challenges related to the mental health and well-being of its students. The transition to higher education can be a stressful period characterized by academic pressure, adjustment difficulties, financial constraints, and social isolation (Adeosun et al., 2021). These challenges, when compounded with existing mental health issues, can significantly increase the risk of suicidal behaviour among students (Owoeye et al., 2021). It is crucial to address these challenges and provide appropriate support to ensure the mental health and well-being of students in the institution.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, the study conducted by Okorie et al. (2022) titled “Suicidal Behaviour and Associated Factors Among Students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana” is of particular relevance. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviour and identify the associated factors specific to this population. By examining this research, we can shed light on the unique challenges faced by students in this particular academic setting.
The study conducted by Okorie et al. (2022) holds significant relevance as it focuses specifically on the student population of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. This institution, located in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, plays a crucial role in providing technical and vocational education (Okorie et al., 2022). By examining the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students in this context, the study addresses a research gap and contributes to our understanding of the factors that influence suicidal behaviour within this academic setting.
The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana (Okorie et al., 2022). By assessing the prevalence, the researchers aimed to provide an accurate picture of the magnitude of the problem within this specific population. This information is vital for developing targeted interventions and support systems tailored to the needs of students in this academic setting.
Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the factors associated with suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana (Okorie et al., 2022). By exploring these factors, the researchers aimed to gain insights into the unique challenges faced by students in this institution that may contribute to their vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. Factors such as academic stress, social isolation, mental health issues, and financial constraints were examined to determine their association with suicidal behaviour among students.
Previous studies have highlighted the high prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students worldwide. For example, a study conducted by Auerbach et al. (2019) examined data from a large sample of college students in the United States and found that approximately one in five students reported suicidal ideation, while 9.3% reported engaging in suicidal behaviours. Similarly, a study by Kwok et al. (2020) conducted among university students in Hong Kong reported a prevalence rate of suicidal ideation of 10.3%. These studies underscore the urgent need to address the issue of suicidal behaviour among students and develop effective prevention and intervention strategies.
In the Nigerian context, limited research has been conducted specifically on suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. However, existing studies have highlighted the prevalence of mental health problems among Nigerian students. For instance, a study by Adeosun et al. (2021) examined the mental health status of university students in Nigeria and reported high levels of psychological distress and depressive symptoms. Another study by Owoeye et al. (2021) explored the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Nigerian university students and found that 27.6% reported experiencing suicidal thoughts.
Given the scarcity of research focusing on suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, the study by Okorie et al. (2022) is of utmost importance. It aimed to fill this research gap by investigating the prevalence of suicidal behaviour and identifying the associated factors within the specific context of this institution. By exploring the experiences and challenges faced by students, the study provides valuable insights into the unique factors contributing to suicidal behaviour in this academic setting.
Statement of Problem
The statement of the problem for the study revolves around three key issues. Firstly, there is a limited amount of research specifically focusing on suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. The existing literature primarily focuses on students in general or specific populations, neglecting the unique challenges faced by students in this particular academic setting. This research gap hinders the development of targeted interventions and supports systems tailored to the needs of students in this institution.
Secondly, the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana remain unknown. Without a comprehensive understanding of the extent of the problem and the factors contributing to it, it becomes challenging to develop effective prevention strategies and support mechanisms. Identifying the prevalence and associated factors specific to this population is crucial for addressing the issue and promoting the mental health and well-being of the students.
Lastly, the lack of evidence-based prevention strategies tailored to the context of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana poses a significant challenge. Without a thorough exploration of the factors contributing to suicidal behaviour among students in this academic setting, the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies become difficult. Bridging the research gap and generating insights into the prevalence and associated factors will inform policy and practice, enabling the institution to implement targeted interventions and support systems to address the specific challenges faced by its students.
In summary, the study aims to address the limited research, determine the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, and develop evidence-based prevention strategies. By doing so, the study seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge, inform policy and practice, and ultimately enhance the mental health and well-being of students in this particular academic setting.
Objectives of the Study
The study “Suicidal Behaviour and Associated Factors Among Students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana” aimed to achieve the following objectives:
- To determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana.
- To identify the factors associated with suicidal behaviour among students in the institution.
- To explore the help-seeking behaviours and coping mechanisms utilized by students experiencing suicidal ideation or engaging in suicidal behaviour.
Research Questions
To guide the investigation, the following research questions were formulated:
- What is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana?
- What are the factors associated with suicidal behaviour among students in the institution?\
- How do students experiencing suicidal ideation or engaging in suicidal behaviour seek help and cope with their challenges?
Research Hypotheses
Based on the objectives and research questions, the following hypotheses were formulated:
Hypothesis 1: There is no significant prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana.
Hypothesis 2: Various factors, including academic stress, social isolation, and mental health issues, are not significantly associated with suicidal behaviour among students in the institution.
Hypothesis 3: Students experiencing suicidal ideation or engaging in suicidal behaviour are not likely to utilize informal support systems and coping mechanisms, such as talking to friends or engaging in self-destructive behaviours.
Significance of the Study
The study conducted by Okorie et al. (2022) titled “Suicidal Behaviour and Associated Factors Among Students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana” holds significant significance for various stakeholders in the education sector, including students, scholars, stakeholders, policymakers, and the Nigerian education sector as a whole.
Firstly, the study’s findings have direct implications for students. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour specific to students in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana can contribute to the development of targeted interventions and support systems. This can promote their mental health and well-being, provide them with appropriate assistance during times of distress, and potentially reduce the occurrence of suicidal behaviour.
Secondly, scholars and researchers in the field of mental health and education can benefit from this study. The research addresses a research gap by focusing on a specific academic setting and population, adding to the existing body of knowledge on suicidal behaviour among students. The study’s findings can serve as a foundation for future research, enabling scholars to delve deeper into the factors contributing to suicidal behaviour and explore potential preventive measures.
Thirdly, stakeholders in the education sector, including faculty members, counsellors, and administrators, can utilize the study’s findings to inform their practices and policies. By understanding the specific challenges faced by students in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, stakeholders can tailor their interventions and support systems to meet the unique needs of the student population. This can create a safer and more supportive academic environment, fostering positive mental health and overall well-being.
Moreover, policymakers in the education sector can benefit from this study’s insights. The findings can guide the development and implementation of evidence-based policies and guidelines aimed at addressing mental health concerns among students. By integrating mental health promotion and suicide prevention strategies into educational policies, policymakers can contribute to creating a more holistic and supportive educational system.
Lastly, the study holds significance for the Nigerian education sector as a whole. By focusing on a specific institution in Nigeria, the findings can shed light on the broader mental health challenges faced by students in the country. This can inform the development of national policies and initiatives to address mental health concerns within the education sector, ensuring the well-being of students across various academic institutions.
In summary, the study’s significance lies in its potential to improve the mental health and well-being of students in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. It offers valuable insights for students, scholars, stakeholders in the education sector, policymakers, and the Nigerian education sector at large. By addressing a research gap and providing evidence-based findings, the study can contribute to the development of targeted interventions, informed practices, and policies that prioritize mental health support and suicide prevention among students.
Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is defined by its focus on the students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, located in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of suicidal behaviour and identify the associated factors specific to this population within the given academic setting.
Geographically, the study is limited to Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, which serves as the research site for data collection. This geographical limitation allows for a detailed examination of the unique challenges and factors influencing suicidal behaviour among students in this particular institution.
The study’s focus is specifically on students of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana. It encompasses students pursuing various technical and vocational courses offered by the institution. The study aims to capture a representative sample of students from different departments and academic levels, providing insights into the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour across the student population.
In terms of time frame, the study focuses on recent years leading up to the research period. It considers data from 2019 to 2022 to provide a current understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour among students. By examining recent data, the study aims to capture the most relevant and up-to-date information regarding the phenomenon of interest.
The study’s scope encompasses various factors that may contribute to suicidal behaviour among students, including psychological, social, and environmental determinants. These factors may include academic stress, adjustment difficulties, social isolation, mental health issues, and financial constraints, among others. By examining these factors, the study aims to identify the unique challenges faced by students in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana and their potential influence on suicidal behaviour.
In summary, the scope of this study is defined by its geographical focus on Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, its target population of students pursuing technical and vocational courses, the recent timeframe of data collection, and the examination of various factors associated with suicidal behaviour.
Operational Definition of Terms
For this study, the following terms are operationally defined:
Suicidal behaviour: Any self-harming act or ideation with the intent to end one’s life.
Prevalence: The proportion of students engaging in suicidal behaviour within a specified period.
Factors associated with suicidal behaviour: Variables, such as academic stress, social isolation, and mental health issues, that are significantly related to the occurrence of suicidal behaviour among students.
Help-seeking behaviours: Actions taken by students to seek assistance or support when experiencing suicidal ideation or engaging in self-destructive behaviours.
Coping mechanisms: Strategies employed by students to manage stress, emotional distress, and other challenges related to their academic and personal lives.
Organization of the Study
This study is organized into five chapters. Chapter one provides an introduction to the research topic, including the background, statement of the problem, objectives, research questions, hypotheses, significance, scope, limitations, and operational definitions of terms. Chapter two reviews relevant literature on suicidal behaviour among students, including theoretical frameworks and empirical studies. Chapter three describes the research methodology, including the study design, participants, data collection procedures, and ethical considerations. Chapter Four presents the data analysis and findings of the study. Finally, chapter five discusses the implications of the study, provides recommendations, and suggests areas for future research.
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