ABSTRACT
Tele-alarm smoke detecting system employs an embedded GSM module to send an emergency
message to fire service hotline. It contain a smoke sensor MQ-2 set in a fire prone place or near
crucial equipment to be secured. The sensor, 16×2 LCD display and GSM module are connected
to the microcontroller unit (PIC16F887). Smoke detected by the sensor is reported via the GSM
module to a fire service hotline for the emergency action. Any process performed by the project is
displayed on the LCD. 12V and 5V separate power supplies are deployed for the |GSM module
and other components like LCD, microcontroller etc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 PREAMBLE 1
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 2
1.3 PROJECT MOTIVATION 3
1.4 METHODOLOGY 3
1.5 PROJECT OUTLINE 3
CHAPTER TWO 5
2.1 INTRODUCTION 5
2.2 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND 5
2.3 REVIEW OF SIMILAR WORK 8
2.4 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 9
2.4.1 GSM TECHNOLOGY 9
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2.4.1.1 GSM MODEM 11
2.4.1.2 SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE 12
2.4.2 MICROCONTROLLER 12
2.4.2.1 TYPES OF MICROCONTROLLER 13
2.4.2.2 EMBEDDED SYSTEM 14
2.4.3 MAX232 15
2.4.4 CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 16
2.4.5 MQ-2 GAS SENSOR 17
CHAPTER THREE 19
3.1 INTRODUCTION 19
3.2 POWER SUPPLY UNIT 20
3.2.1 TRANSFORMER SELECTION 20
3.2.2 RECTIFIER SELECTION 21
3.2.3 SELECTION OF FILTERING CAPACITOR 21
3.5 INTERFACING GSM MODEM WITH MCU 24
3.6 CALCULATION OF EXTERNAL CRYSTAL 25
3.7 LCD INTERFACING 26
3.8 SOFTWARE DESIGN 27
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CHAPTER FOUR 29
4.1 INTRODUCTION 29
4.2 CONSTRUCTION 29
4.3 MOUNTING THE CIRCUIT ON VERO BOARD 29
4.4 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS 30
4.7 RESULT 32
4.8 CASING 33
CHAPTER FIVE 34
5.1 INTRODUCTION 34
5.2 LIMITATION 34
5.3 RECOMMENDATION 35
5.4 CONCLUSION 35
5.5 REFRENCES 36
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PREAMBLE
Fire outbreak is the avoidable disaster that usually ravaged homes, offices, school,
industrial buildings and many other places. Most cases of fire accident occurrences
started as result of excited carbon element or flammable carbonated material that
immediately emit volume of carbon particles in form of smoke and other gaseous
substances. If the rays of the smoke are detected at right time, great percentage of fire
outbreaks could be quickly nib at the bud before erupting into disastrous situations (Jozef,
2009).
In a bid to avert the disaster, some safety measures has been employed over time
depending on the safety equipment and technology obtainable for the rescue. Fire
fighting vehicle and extinguishers are normally deployed to the scenes of inferno. In most
cases that are beyond control, colossal amount of valuable properties and several lives
may have been lost before the fire could be put out.
The necessity to have a sensitive gadget in place to detect the presence of smoky particles
cannot be over emphasized. Timely detection of smoke is very helpful in forestalling fire
outbreaks. This proactive idea is developed into a system that is capable of detecting
smoke and alert the fire fighter for an emergency action.
Tele-alarm smoke detecting system employs an embedded GSM module to send an
emergency message to fire service hotline. The smoke sensor and the GSM module are
connected to a microcontroller unit (mcu), in which the processing activities take place.
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When reasonable quantity of smoke is sensed, the mcu trigger the in situ and remote
alarm. The diagram in figure: 1.0 shows the complete block diagram of the project.
Figure 1.0: The block diagram of the Project
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this project is to design and construct smoke detecting device that is capable
of sending alarming message to Save Of Soul number (SOS) over a telecommunication
line. The objectives to accomplish this aim are itemized as follows:
1) Designing alternative circuit diagrams and selection components.
2) Developing a program for the microcontroller.
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3) Simulation and debugging of the project by using software, whiteboard etc.,
4) Implementing on a Vero board and;
5) Calibration of the developed prototype.
1.3 PROJECT MOTIVATION
The motivation is simply drawn from the pathetic scenes of fire disaster that is common in
residential buildings as well as in industrial structures. The unimaginable chars and pains of fire
accidents had inspired my innermost consciousness to contribute my little to fire safety with this
project work piece.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The methodological procedures employed in carrying out this project are itemized as follows:
1. The sensory unit was firstly configured and tested with different volumes of smoke. Its
output was separately observed and reconfigured until reasonable output was achieved from the
sensor.
2. Writing and debug of program for the AT89C52 microcontroller in Kiel C Integrated
Development Environment (IDE).
3. Breadboard assembling of some components to test GSM and processing units together.
4. Permanent construction of the project and development of the case body for the project.
5. Result analysis to determine the accuracy, tolerance and limitations of the device.
1.5 PROJECT OUTLINE
The project was categorized into chapters, each discussing a particular or related topic. Chapter
one entails the general introduction to the project which includes a preamble, aim and objectives,
motivation, definition of problem, methodology and report outlines. Chapter two talks on the
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